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Pneumonia (Risk Factors (Elderly (Younger than 5 & older than 65 years…
Pneumonia
Signs & Symptoms
Productive cough with sputum
Green colored sputum
Types of bacterial pneumonia species associated with this color
Pneumococcal
Pseudomonas
Haemophilus
Red jelly like sputum
known as Klebsiella species pneumonia
Rust colored Sputum known for Streptococcus Pneumonia
Anaerobic Infection
Foul smelling or bad tasting sputum
fatigue
chest pain when you breathe or cough
fever, sweating, and chills
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
shortness of breath
lower than normal body temperature
confusion or changes in mental awareness(individuals 65 or older)
tachycardia(>100) or bradycardia(<60)
Diagnosis Criteria
Findings on x-ray
Patchy
Not in straight lines
Fluffy infiltrate
White & Cloud-like
Lung Auscultation
Bronchial breath sounds
Crackles
Snorous wheezes
Indicative of secretions
Pathophysiology of Pneumonia
Bacteria enters the alveoli
WBC migrate to pulmonary capillaries that surround alveoli
WBC attack bacteria
Increase in permeability of alveolar wall
Increase serous fluid/WBC/RBCs in alveoli
Bacteria continues to grow throughout alveoli
Increased inflammatory mediators in alveoli (I.e. cytokines)
Substances begin to die within alveoli - bacteria, WBCs- creating a layer of infiltrate
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Via breathing in bacteria
Management
For bacterial Pnuemonia
Antibiotics
Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Penicillin resistant pnuemonia
Antibiotics chosen on basis of sensitivity
Supportive measures
Analgesia and antipyretics
Supplemental oxygen
Chest PT
Suctioning & Bronchial hygiene
Pulse Ox with cardiac monitoring
Respiratory therapy with bronchodilators
Thoracentesis
Chest tube placement
Image-guided abscess drainage
Risk Factors
Elderly
Younger than 5 & older than 65 years of age
Young
Cigarette Smoking
Exposure to certain inhaled toxins
Individuals in intensive care units
Recent viral respiratory infection
Difficulty swallowing
Chronic lung disease
Recent surgery/trauma
Weakened immune system
Impaired consciousness
