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Pneumonia (Signs & Symptoms (Sweating, Fever/chills, Chest pain…
Pneumonia
Signs & Symptoms
Sweating
Fever/chills
Chest pain especially on inhalation and when coughing
Confusion or changes in mental status
Fatigue
Coughing up yellow, green, or bloody sputum
SOB
Skin/nails looking blue
Loss of appetite
Management
Reduction of Increased work of breathing
positioning
breathing techniques
Manage airway secretions
airway clearance techniques
postural drainage, sputum elimination
proper positioning
mechanical ventilation
lifestyle changes
cessation of smoking
increase activity level
stay hydrated
nutrition
limit: dairy products, meat, fish, cakes and alcohol. Include: Fresh juices, hot vegetable broths and purée of seasonal vegetables, paste, buckwheat, millet, rice
easily digestible foods
Medications
*Antibiotic therapy
treat bacterial pneumonia
cough medication
loosen and move fluid from your lungs and eliminate cough
fever reduction and pain medication
aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen
prevention
Influenza Vaccine
Pneumococcal Vaccine
Imaging
Chest X-ray
Chest CT
Sepsis and prevention of organ dysfunction
infection control
tissue oxygenation
early nutritional support
activated protein C
Antithrombotic activity
Profibrinolytic activity
Anti-inflammatory activity
vasopressin therapy
Replacing falling plasma levels of vasopressin seen in shock
steroids
Replacement reversible failure of the hypothalamic-pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis
specific organ support
Continuous vasopressor infusion
dialysis
Intubationfor Acute Respiratory Failure
mechanical ventilation
pharmacological therapy
monitoring of vitals and oxygen delivery
Risk Factors
Chronic diseases
DM
CVD
Asthma
Liver disease
COPD
Cancer
Chronic Kidney disease
Periodontal disease
Immune deficiency diseases
Drug/alcohol use
Acute infections (cold, flu)
Smoking
Neurological conditions that affect gag reflex: dementia/stroke/MS/ALS
Hospitilization
Compromised immune system
Age: younger than 5 older than 65
Diagnosis
Pulmonary Auscultation: crackling, wheezing
Chest X-ray: opacity and cloudiness around lung tissue
CBC count: WBC count elevated due to infection
ABGs: Decreased O2 and decreased SpO2%
Sputum characteristics: to culture the organism that may be causing the infection
Pathophysiology
Germs that are normally filtered out from the air during normal breathing enter the airway system due to a myriad of risk factors
Bacteria or virus enters lung tissue
Inflammation of the alveolar tissue
Inflammatory exudates and fluid buildup lead to consolidation
More difficult to breathe
Complicated by risk factors such as smoking
Increased respiratory rate = hyperventilation
Chest pain with deep breaths
Lungs unable to perform oxygen exchange
2 more items...
Shallow breaths