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Communicating Digital Content: Wired and Wireless Networks and Devices…
Communicating Digital Content: Wired and Wireless Networks and Devices
Communications
Digital communications describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information
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Communications software consists of programs and apps that:
-- Help users establish a connection to another computer, mobile device, or network
– Manage the transmission of data, instructions, and information
– Provide an interface for users to communicate with one another
Network Communications Standards and
Protocols
• Ethernet
• Token ring
• TCP/IP
• Wi-Fi
• LTE
• Bluetooth
• UWB
• IrDA
• RFID
• NFC
Communications Lines
• Cable
• DSL
• FTTP
• T-Carrier
• ATM
Communications Devices
A communications device is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device
A broadband modem sends and receives data and information to and from a digital line
– Cable modem
– DSL modem
A wireless modem uses a mobile phone provider’s network to connect to the Internet wirelessly from a computer or mobile device
A wireless access point (WAP) is a central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to a wired network
A router connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network
Some routers provide additional functionality:
– Wireless router
– Broadband router
– Broadband wireless
router
– Mobile broadband
A network card enables a computer or device that does not have built-in networking capability to access a network
A hub or switch is a device that provides a central point for cables in a network
Networks
A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media
Advantages of a network include:
– Facilitating communications
– Sharing hardware
– Sharing data and information
– Sharing software
– Transferring funds
Types of Networks
• A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area
• A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a LAN that uses no physical wires
• A wide area network (WAN) is a network that covers a large geographic area
• A personal area network (PAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in an individual’s workspace using wired and wireless technolog
• A metropolitan area network (MAN) connects LANs in a metropolitan area
Network Architecture
Peer-to-peer network
Client/server network
Transmission Media
• Transmission media carries one or more communications signals
• Broadband media transmit multiple signals simultaneously
• The amount of data, instructions, and information that can travel over transmission media sometimes is called the bandwidth
• Latency is the time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network
Physical Transmission Media
Twisted-pair cable
A twisted-pair cable consists of one or more twisted-pair wires. Each twisted-pair wire usually is color coded for identification. Landline phone networks and LANs often use twisted- pair cable.
Coaxial cable
On coaxial cables, data travels through a copper wire. This simplified illustration shows a computer connected to a modem, which also is connected to the CATV network through a coaxial cable.
Fiber-optic cable
A fiber-optic cable consists of hair-thin strands of glass or plastic that carry data as pulses of light, as shown in this simplified example
Wireless Transmission Media
• Broadcast radio is a wireless transmission medium that distributesradio signals through the air over long distances
• Cellular radio is a form of broadcast radio that is in wide use for mobile communications
Microwaves are radio waves that provide a high speed signal transmission
A communications satellite is a space station thatreceives microwave signals from an earth-based station, amplifies it, and broadcasts the signal overa wide area to any number of earth-based stations
A GPS (global positioning system) is a navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine the receiver’s geographical location