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Muscular System (body movement terminology structure (dorsiflexion…
Muscular System
body movement terminology structure
dorsiflexion
lifting superior surface of foot towards shin
plantar flexion
pointing toe
circumduction
proximal end of limb is stationary and dist end moves in circle
inversion
turn sole of foot medially
adduction
chicken arms
eversion
turn sole of foot laterally
abduction
movement of limb away from midline
supination
forearm rotates laterally so palm faces anteriorly
rotation
movement of bone around long tudinal axes
pronation
forearm rotates medially so palm faces posterioraly
extension
movement that increases angle at joint
opposition
movement rotated around axis
flexion
movement that decreases angle of joint
retraction
movement of body part in the posterior direction
depression
movement in. an inferior direction
physiology of muscle contraction
nerve impulse reaches synaptic end bulbs and causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with neurolemma and release Ach
Ach diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds with receptors on motor end plate of the muscle cell
this causes receptor to change shape and opens Na+ channels in Sarcolemma
electrical current is generated and is carried along sarcolemma causes action potential
names of muscles(location and actions)
muscles of head
frontalis
raises eyebrows
forehead/eyebrows
orbicularis oculi
blinks and closes eyes
eyes
zygomaticus
draws angle of mouth upward and laterally
face/cheek
buccinator
compresses cheek as in whistling and sucking
cheek
platysma
helps nodding and causes double chin
neck and chest
temporalis
closes jaw
side of skull
orbiculars oris
closes and extends lips; kissing
mouth
masseter
closes jaw
area of the cheek
sternocleidomastoid
moves side to side and up and down
side of neck
muscles of trunk
pectoralis major
"chicken arms"
chest
rectus abdominis
helps bend downward; slouching
abs/"six pack"
latissimus dorsi
helps shoulders rotate
side of the back
trapezius
abs/"six pack"
back
external obliques
helps upper body move side to side
side of abs/body
erector spinae
stretch back
near sacrum
muscles of arm
bicep brachii
putting palm up; turning a door knob
deltoid
moving arm away from the body
flexor digitorium superficiali
moving hand downward
extensor digitorium
lifts hand upward
tricep brachii
lifting elbows at 195 degrees
flexor carpi radialis
motorcycle action with hand
flexor carpi ulnaris
motorcycle action with hand
extensor carpi radialis
move wrist downward
muscles of thigh and leg
iliopsoas
to flex the thigh at the hip joint
adductor muscles
helps flexes and rotate
gluteus maximus
helps thigh rotate
tibialis anterior
pulling foot toward shin
extensor digitorium longus
to dorseflex the foot and ankle which means moving it up and down
sartorius
helps thigh rotates and move downward
quadracep group
helps walking, running, jumping, and squatting
hamstring
helps bend the knee and helps hip move to kick a ball
gastrocnemius
helps toes wriggle and foot point downward
soleus
causes foot to stand on tippy toes
3 types of muscle tissues
skeletal
long cylindrical, parallel, multinucleated
striated
attached by tendons to bones
voluntary
cardiac
forms heart wall
striations
involuntary
long, cylindrical, branched, single central nucleus
smooth
spindle shaped cells with a single central nucleus
involuntary
hollow wall of organs