'It was internal pressures in the form of organised mass resistance that forced the NP govt. to end Apartheid in SA'
Context:
Botha's reforms and repression
Increased resistance after 1976
Policy of Apartheid
Pressures of internal, external calling to dismantle apartheid
Introduction:
Lesser extent
Rather charactericsed by external forces
Context
Apartheid still in place
Internal resistance was strong, but would decrease
NP govt. strong position to defend policy, but would weaken
Differing view > internal pressures ended Apartheid > people are wrong as it was a stale mate
Paragraph 1:
Trade Unions (1979)
STALE MATE
Collective bargaining
1988 - General strike
Banned in 1988
Able to evoke most pressure
Internal pressures able to be controlled by govt.
Was pressuring > crippled economy
Can't be accountable for dismantling
Paragraph 2:
United Democratic Front: (1983)
Rent boycotts, school protests(1980s)
Kept spirit of ANC alive
Banned in 1988 as internal pressure was controlled
Main aim > oppose Apartheid
Did pressure govt.
Was silenced
Paragraph 3:
Mass Democratic Movement: (1988)
1989 > year of Mass Action (marches, occupying white areas)
Push De Klerk to reform
Successful in pressuring govt. but able to be matched by NP with force (23 killed on night of TP elections)
Defied State of Emergency
Govt. able to suppress and fuel the unrest
Paragraph 4:
However
Decreasing in USSR power > internal resistance couldn't cont. for long
Increase in mid-1980s led to need to reform
Both the NP and Internal resistance needed to negotiate - due to the fact of an increase in external pressure to tip the scale
Clear stale mate
Internal pressures would soon deplete
External pressures would cause change
Paragraph 5:
Sanctions:
Comprehensive Anti Apartheid Act (1986)
Able to toughen South Africa's ability to trade (amounted to 60%)
Increase in sanctions placed existential pressure
Able to cripple SA economy and exert pressure to reform
Paragraph 6:
Disinvestment:
Sullivan Principles (1977) > racially integrated workplace
Withdrawing investment, denouncing Apartheid structure succeeded in pressuring govt.
Disinvestments aimed to cripple SA economy > self-reliant
Successful strategy which debilitated SA economy forced changed
Paragraph 7:
Boycotts:
1977 > Gleneagles Agreement
Cultural boycotts
Consumer boycotts
Academic
Successful in crippling livelihood for South Africans > further want a change
Aimed to make life for Apartheid enforces unbearable > evoke change
Effort was more successful than mass resistance as it crippled South Africa instead of simply creating awareness
Conclusion :
External truly crippled
Lesser extent accurate
Govt. and internal were at a stale mate