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NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS ((Autonomic) Visceral Motor Neurons (*Parasympathetic,…

- - - - brain & spinal cord
    - - muscles, glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles
    - - 5 senses & :<3: & gut
- - - - Unipolar, sac in middle
        
        Sensory Neuron
      - Pyrimidal Cell, single small axon out
      - Multipolar, traditional
        
        Motor Neuron
  - - - Bipolar, body in the middle
        
        Interneurons
        
        Neuron-to-Neuron
        
        may have extensive branching
- - - - Features
        
        cell bodies outside CNS
        
        processes reach into CNS & periphery
  - - - Features
        
        cell body in CNS, brain & spinal cord
        
        Schwann cells
      - Types
  - - - INNER TUBE
        
        relaxes bronchi
        
        accelerates :<3:
        
        :forbidden: salivation
        
        inhibits digestive activity
        
        stimulates glucose release by liver
        
        kidney: epinephrine & norepinephrine
        
        dilates pupils
        
        relaxes bladder
        
        contracts rectum
        
        fight or flight
        
        SPLANCHNIC NERVE
        
        BELOW DIAPHRAGM
        
        ganglia will be outside of CNS #
        
        ABOVE DIAPHRAGM
        
        ganglia will be within CNS #
        
        goes through White Rammus Communicans to stay within ramp
      - spinal nerves
        
        *PRE-VERTEBRAL, PRE-AORTIC GANGLIA*
        
        Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion
        
        Superior Mesenteric Ganglion
        
        Celiac Ganglia
        
        *PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA, SYMPATHETIC CHAIN GANGLIA, SYMPATHETIC TRUNK*
        
        connected through ventral ramus (HEPAXIAL Muscles)
        
        LATERAL INTERMEDIATE HORN
      - OUTER TUBE
        
        vessels
        
        arrector pili
        
        sweat glands
        
        NERVE
        
        U-TURN: White Rammus Communicans to Gray Rammus Communicans to go off ramp #
    - - rest & digest
      - cranial nerves, brain stem
        
        III, VII, IX
        
        *only parasympathetic ganglion, in the head
        
        pterygopalatine ganglion
        
        submandibular ganglion
        
        Ciliary ganglion
        
        otic ganglion
        
        X, VAGUS NERVE
        
        lungs
        
        :heart
        
        stomach
        
        liver
        
        spleen
        
        kidneys
        
        pancreas
        
        small intestine
      - Constricts pupils
      - stimulates salivation
      - inhibits :<3:
      - constricts bronchi
      - stimulates digestive tract
      - stimulates gallbladder
    - - post-ganglionic neuron
        
        Neural Crest Cells
        
        NO GANGLIA
      - pre-ganglionic neuron
        
        SINGLE GANGLIA IN HEAD
    - - smooth muscle: gut, vessels
      - glands: salivary, digestion
      - :<3:
  - - - @ some cranial nerves
        
        IV
        
        VI
        
        III
        
        XII
      - @ all 31 spinal levels
- - - - contain motor & sensory axons
      - Nerve Plexuses
        
        extensive branching and braiding of nerves in limbs
        
        stimulated by multiple spinal nerves
      - Spinal Nerves
        
        input
        
        Dorsal ROOT Ganglion
        
        sensory axons
        
        Ventral ROOT Ganglion
        
        motor axons
        
        very tiny segment, just outside of column
        
        output
        
        Ventral RAMUS
        
        Hypaxial muscles
        
        sensory to skin
        
        Dorsal RAMUS
        
        Epaxial muscles
        
        sensory to skin
        
        Invertebral Foramina
        
        small space between vertebrae, exit site
  - - - Core
        
        Grey Matter
        
        cell bodies
        
        unmyelinated axons
        
        Ventral horn
        
        Motor Neurons
        
        Dorsal horns
        
        Interneurons
        
        sensory from CNS, output to Axons in PNS (white matter
        
        White Matter
        
        outside
        
        nerve tracts
        
        myelinated axons = white color
  - - - T1-T12
      - L1-L5
      - C1-C7
      - S1-S5
      - Co1
    - - T1-T12
      - L1-L5
      - C1-C8
      - S1-S5
      - Co1