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SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION (FUNCTIONAL REGIONS OF NERVE CELLS (Trunk of…

- - - - post-synaptic disruption of transmission
      - treatment:
        
        :forbidden: acetylcholinesterase, AUTOIMMUNE
      - EPP in chemical synapses are subthreshold
    - - :forbidden: ACh receptors
  - - - :arrow_down: vesicle fusion
    - - breaks down SNAREs of ACh vesicles
        
        :arrow_down: vesicle fusion
- - - - function
        
        synchronization
      - the how
        
        Gap Junctions
        
        APs relayed through ionic flow between connected cells
        
        Na+
        
        Ca2+
        
        K+
        
        direct electrical connection
    - - function
        
        amplification
      - the how
        
        chemical Neurotransmitters
        
        synaptic clefts
        
        fates of NTs
        
        diffusion
        
        G-protein activation & 2nd messengers
        
        open post-synaptic channels
        
        Desensitization: ligand-gated ion channels
        
        degradation
        
        ACh & Acetylcholinesterase
        
        retrieval
        
        endocytosis
        
        transport system
  - - - integrating numerous inputs
        
        EPSP Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential
        
        depolarizations
        
        nonselective cation channels opened
        
        AA Aspartate in brain
        
        AA Glutamate in brain
        
        "reversal potentials"
        
        Zero
        
        IPSP Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential
        
        hyperpolarization
        
        K+ or Cl- selective channels opened
        
        GABA Gamma Aminobutyric Acid
        
        "reversal potentials"
        
        Nernst
    - - Pre-synaptic Cell
        
        AP opens voltage gated Ca2+ channels
        
        influx of Ca2+ causes ACh vesicles to fuse with membrane
        
        release ACh
      - Post-synaptic Cell
        
        non-selective cation channels opened
        
        ions flow in
        
        depolarization of muscle cell
        
        EPP Endplate Potential, local depolarization
        
        Suprathreshold
        
        contraction
      - Synaptic Cleft
        
        activate post-synaptic cell's receptros
        
        ACh diffusion & degradation