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BACTERIA (prokaryotic) (MYCOBACTERIA - acid fast/Ziehl-Neelson stain…

- - - - Alpha Hemolytic (partial RBC hemolysis, green)
        
        Optochin R
        
        Viridans streptococcus
        
        Endocarditis of already injured heart valve (native valve endocarditis)
        
        Optochin S
        
        Streptococcus pneumoniae
        
        Anti-phagocytic capsule
        
        Pneumolysin, membrane damaging toxin
      - Beta-hemolytic (complete RBC hemolysis, clear)
        
        Gp A: Streptococcus pyogenes
        
        Pharyngitis, skin and soft tissue infections, necrotising fasciitis Complications: Acute rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, otitis media, toxic shock syndrome (by exotoxin A), scarlet fever (by exotoxins A and C)
        
        M protein: Prevents phagocytosis
        
        Gp B: Streptococcus agalactiae
        
        neonatal sepsis. skin and soft tissue infections in diabetics, immunocompromised.
        
        normal vaginal flora
        
        Gp C & G: Streptococcus dysgalactiae
        
        soft tissue and skin infections. Grp G: Scarlet fever. Grp C: Acute glomerulonephritis; Grp C pharyngitis associated with unpasteurised milk. Grp G cellulitis associated with pre-existing lymphoedema
        
        Gp D
        
        Streptococcus bovis
        
        in blood: think endocarditis, BOWEL CANCER, hepatobiliary cause
        
        Enterococcus spp
        
        community-acquired and hospital acquired UTI, intra-abdominal infections, endocarditis.
        
        normal colon flora
        
        Anginosus Group and Abiotrophia spp.
        
        Abscess
    - - Coagulase +ve
        
        Staphylococcus aureus
        
        Methicillin R SA (MRSA)
        
        Methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA)
      - Coagulase -ve
        
        Coagulase -ve Staph (CNS)
        
        Staphylococcus saprophyticus
        
        Urinary tract infections (esp. sexually active women)
        
        Staphylococcus epidermidis
        
        Staphylococcus lugdunensis
        
        Perineal/Buttock wound infections
        
        Endocarditis
  - - - Sporing
        
        BACILLUS (chains of rods)
        
        Bacillus cereus
        
        Bacillus anthraxis
      - Non-sporing
        
        CORYNEBACTERIUM (chinese characters)
        
        Corynebacterium ulcerans
        
        Diphtheria-like (same toxin)
        
        Corynebacterium diptheriae
        
        Diphtheria (produces systemic toxin)
        
        Corynebacterium minutissimum
        
        Erythrasma
        
        Corynebacterium jeikeium
        
        Listeria monocytogenes
        
        Acronym: REAL
        
        OTHERS: Rhodococcus equi, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Arcanobacterium hemolyticum, Lactobacilli
        
        Nocardia asteroides
    - - Sporing
        
        CLOSTRIDIUM (box car shaped) - NG on blood agar
        
        Clostridium perfringens (Nagler plate - lecithinase/a-toxin test)
        
        Clostridium tetani (Drumstick shape)
        
        Clostridium botulinium
        
        Clostridium difficile
        
        Clostridium septicum
      - Non-sporing
        
        Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, Gardnerella
        
        Exceptions: Actinomyces Israelii (Gram positive branching filaments isolated from "sulfur granules" in pus) Exceptions: Fusobacterium necrophorum (Gram negative)
- - - - ENTEROBACTERIACEAE (COLIFORM) - MacConkey agar
        
        Lactose fermenting (LF) - pink/red colonies
        
        Escherichia coli
        
        EHEC/VTEC/STEC
        
        Klebsiella spp.
        
        Non-lactose fermenting (NLF) - yellow colonies
        
        SHIGELLA
        
        Shigella dysenteriae
        
        Shigella sonnei
        
        Proteus
        
        Urease positive
        
        SALMONELLA
        
        Acute Gastroenteritis group
        
        Salmonella Typhimurium
        
        Salmonella Enteritidis
        
        Enteric (Typhoid) Fever Group
        
        Salmonella typhi
        
        Salmonella paratyphi
        
        Aeromonas spp. Plesiomonas shigelloides
    - - PSEUDOMONAS
        
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      - BURKHOLDERIA
        
        Burkholderia pseudomallei - winkled colonies
        
        Melioidosis
        
        Pneumonia
        
        Abscesses
        
        Septicaemia
        
        Burkholderia cepacia
        
        Terminal lung infections
      - VIBRIOS
        
        Vibrio cholerae
        
        TCBS yellow
        
        Vibrio vulnificus
        
        Vibrio parahaemolyticus
        
        TCBS green
        
        Vibrio alginolyticus
      - Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (oxidase -ve)
    - - HAEMOPHILUS
        
        Haemophilus Ducreyi
        
        Haemophilus Influenzae
      - BORDETELLA
        
        Bordetella Pertussis
        
        Bordetella Parapertussis
      - BRUCELLA
      - BARTONELLA
        
        Bartonella Bacilliformis
        
        Carrion's Disease
        
        Oroya fever
        
        Sandflies
        
        Bartonella Quintana
        
        Trench fever, endocarditis
        
        Bartonella Henselae
        
        Cat-scratch Disease, endocarditis
        
        Bartonella Clarridgeiae
        
        Cat scratch Diseease
      - YERSINIA (oxidase +ve)
        
        Yersinia Pestis
        
        Yersinia Enterocolitica/ Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis
      - LEGIONELLA
        
        Legionella Pneumophila
      - Acinetobacter BAUMANNII
      - Klebsiella granulomatis (oxidase +ve)
      - Francisella tularensis
      - Pasteurella multocida
      - HACEK group
  - - - N. gonorrhoeae
      - N. meningitidis
    - - M. catarrhalis
- - - - Typhus group (louse/flea)
        
        murine (mouse, rodents)
        
        Rickettsia typhi
        
        epidemic
        
        Rickettsia prowazekii
      - Spotted Fever group (ticks)
        
        Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)
      - Scrub Typhus group (chiggers)
        
        Orientia tsusugamushi
    - - Sennetsu ehrlichiosis
        
        Neorickettsia sennetsu
      - Granulocytic and Monocytic Ehrlichiosis
        
        Anaplasma phagocytophilum/ Ehrlichia ewingii (granulocytes)
        
        Ehrlichia chaffeensis (monocytes)
  - - - Q fever
- - - - Oculogenital biovars A,B,Ba,C (trachoma)
      - Oculogenital biovars D-K
      - Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) Biovars L1,L2,L3
  - - - Walking pneumonia
- - - - Seen in histo blood film
        
        Relapsing Fever Group
        
        Borrelia reccurentis
        
        Borrelia duttoni
      - Lyme Disease Group
        
        B. burgdorferi
        
        Stage 1: Erythema Chronicum Migrans (ECM)
    - - dark ground illumination
        
        Treponema Pallidum (syphilis)
        
        Yaws, pinta, bejel
    - - Leptospira Interrogans (leptospirosis)
    - - Rat bite fever
  - - - C. Jejuni, C. Coli (42C)
      - C. Fetus
    - - H. Pylori (37C)
      - H. cinaedi, H. fennelliae
- - - - Lepromatous leprosy
      - Borderline leprosy
      - Tuberculoid leprosy