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Waves (Standing Waves (Beats (Slightly different frequencies, Sound heard…
Waves
Standing Waves
Pipes
1 Open end
Particle Model
Pressure model
Wavelength = Odd divisor of 4L
2 Open ends
Wavelength = Integer divisor of 2L
Pressure model
Strings
Wavelength = Integer divisor of 2L
Beats
Slightly different frequencies
Sound heard drifts in and out of phase
Beat frequency formula
Fundamental
Resonant frequency
Timbre
Fundamental frequency mixture of harmonics
Difference in relative amplitudes
Interference
Diffraction Grating
Formula
Diffraction
Bending of wave
Max when wavelength = gap
Two source
Same frequency and amplitude
Nodal Lines
pd = n x wavelength
Antinodal lines
pd (n-0.5) x wavelength
Light
If theta is very small
Coherent
Same phase difference
Same Frequency
Same frequency and amplitude
Multi-source
Diffraction Grating
White light
Doppler Effect
Relative motion
Consider extremes
Tricks
Examine extremes
Argue with proportionality
Absolute values
