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STATE (INTRODUCTION: (ORIGIN OF CONCEPT OF STATE: (WAS THOUGHT BY…

- - - - BUT EARLIER STATE WAS A INS.
        NOW STATE IS ACTIVE AGENT OF SHAPING AND RESHAPING SOCIETY
  - - - STATE REPRESENT AUTHORITY
    - - IS NEEDED SO THAT PEOPLE CAN LEAD A COLLECTIVE LIFE
- - - - SINCE 1990'S WE ARE WITNESSING THE PROLIFERATION OF GLOBAL CONVENTIONS , REGIONAL OR SUORANATIONAL INS.
      - THERE ARE GLOBAL CHALLENGES... IT IS BEYOND STATE'S CAPCITY TO DEAL WITH THESE CHALLENGES OF THEIR OWN
  - - - POWERFUL COUNTRIES HAS LESS IMPACT THAN THE WEAKER ONES
  - - - BORDERLESS WORLD : KENNYCHI OHAMI
      - GLOBAL VILLAGE: MARSHAL MALCOM
    - - STATES CONTROL THE GLOBALIZATION
    - - GLOBALIZATION IS NOT A ZEROSUM GAME WRT TO STATE
        
        IN SOME CONTEXT GLOBALIZATION IS WINNIG
        AND IN SOME CONTEXT STATE IS HOLDING POWER
- - - - WESTPHIALIAN MODEL OF SOVERIGNITY.. BUT IN POST COLD WAR ORDER
        
        LESS INTER STATE DISPUTES BUT MORE INTRASTATE DISPUTE : CIVIL WARS(ACTUALLY PROXY WARS)
      - UN CHARTER DOESN'T PERMIT U/A 2(7) INTERVENTION OF UN IN DOMESTIC MATTERS OF STATE
      - BUT THIS PROVISION CAUSED DILLEMA IN INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY WRT TO CIVIL WAR IN RWANDA
      - HENCE CANNDIAN GOVT. AT UN PROPOSED A COMMISSION TO CONSIDER ISSUE OF INTERVENTION AND STATE SOVERIGNITY
  - - - IN UN WORLD SUMMIT 2005 RESPONSIBILTY TO PROTECT WAS ACKNOWLEDGED
    - - IF STATE FAILS TO PROTECT ITS PEOPLE
      - IF STATE ITSELF IS THREAT TO SECURITY OF ITS PEOPLE
      - THAN IT BECOMES RESPONSIBILTY OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMUNITY TO PROTECT
      - USE OF FORCE SHOULD THE LAST OPTION: AND MUST BE PROPORTIONATE
  - - - WHICH LED TO MORE DEATHS WHAT IT SOUGHT PROTECT
        NATO VIOLATED ALL NORMS
- - - - ABSOLUTETIVENESS
        
        SOVERIGNITY CAN'T BE LIMITED
        
        STATE IS RESPONSIBLE TO NO OTHER AUTHORITY
      - PERMANANCE
        
        STATE IS PERMANENT AND SOVERIGNITY IS ETERNAL
        
        THOUGH GOVT. CAN BE FORMED OR DISSOLVED BUT CONTINUITY OF STATE IS NOT AFFECTED
      - UNIVERSALITY:
        
        SOVERIGNITY EXTENDS TO ALL IN THAT RATICULAR TERRITORY
      - INDIVISIBLE:
        
        ONLY ONE SOVERIGN THAT IS STATE
    - - IT IS A LEGAIST VIEW: RATHER THAN POLITICAL VIEW
        
        APPROACH OF LAW IS TEXTUAL WHEREAS POLITICAL ANALYSIS IS CONTEXTUAL
        
        THERE IS BIG GAP B/W THEORY AND PRACTICE
        
        IN REALITY SOVERIGNITY IS ALWAYS A COMPROMISED SUBJECTS
        
        THERE ARE IMPEDIMENTS TO SOVERIGNITY
        
        EXTERNAL:
        
        CHOICE OF STATE: IS LIMITED BECOZ OF POWER OF OTHER STATE
        
        INTERNAL:
        
        LIMITED BY PEOPLE ASSOCIATION , CUSTOMS AND TRADITION
        
        NO STATE CAN IMPOSE ITS WILL OVER ITS PEOPLE W/O CONSENT OF PEOPLE
        
        HENCE MONISTIC THEORY IS LEGAL FUNCTION
      - ACC. TO LASKI
        
        IDEA OF MONISTIC THEORY BECOMES OUTDATED BECOZ OF EMERGENCE OF FEDERAL FORM OF GOVT..
        
        AS ON FEDRAL FORM OF GOVT. THERE IS MORE THAN ONE CENTRE OF POWER ... AND SOVERIGNITY GETS DIVIDED
        
        IS NOT IN INTERST OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE
        
        THAT' Y LASKI HELDS THAT IT WILL BE IN LASTINNG BENEFIT IF CONCEPT OF STATE IS EXPUNDED OUT OF DISCIPLENE OF POL SCIENCE
  - - - LASKI AND MACIVER
    - - POWER IS DISTRIBUTED AMONG VARIOUS ASSOCIATIONS
      - ACC. TO LASKI : IF SOCIETY IS FEDRAL THA AUTHORITY SHOULD BE FEDERAL
    - - UNIVERSE IS MULTIDIMENSIONAL
        
        MAN IS ALSO MULTIDIMENSIONAL-
        
        SO THERE IS MULTIPLE NEEDS OF MAN
        
        ONE ASSOCIATION CALN'T FULFIL ALL NEEDS OF MAN
        
        HENCE ONE ASSOCIATION CAN'T CLAIM THE MONOPOLY OVER OBLIGATION OF MAN
        
        STATE IS ONE OF THE ASOCIATION
        
        SINCE OTHER ASSOCIATION FULFILL MAN NEEDS
        SO THEY ALSO HAVE AUTHORITY. AND MAN SHOULD OBLIEGE TOWARDS THEM ALSO
    - - EU : SUPRA NTIONAL INS
        WHERE STATES HAVE SURRENDERED SOVERIGNITY OVER CURRECY: EURO IN EUROZONE
    - - SOURCE OF CONFUSION AS PLURALISTIC THEORY IS INCONSISTENT
      - PLURALISTIC SOVERIGNITY IS NOT ANACHORNISTIC
        
        AS THEY ARE NOT IN FAVOUR OF ABOLISHING THE STATE.. AT THE SAME TIME THEY DON'T WANT TO GIVE EXCESSIVE POWER TP STATE
        
        SO REGARDING PLURALIST IT IS SAID THAT THEY WANT TO HAVE THE CAKE AND KEEP IT TOO
        
        SO ACC. TO LASKI
        STATE IS KEYSTONE OF SOCIAL ARCHIETECTURE
        
        STATE IS EQULIBRIUM MAKER AMONG ASSOCIATIONS OF DIFFERENT INTEREST
      - PLURALISTIC THEORY IS NOT ONLY REALISTIC BUT ALSO DESIARABLE IN ERA OF GLOBALISATION
- - - - AND INDIA IS SEEKING UNSC PERMANENT MEMBER SEAT
      - INDIA USED TO BE LEADER OF THIRD WORLD BUT INDIA IS LOSING THIS P,OSITION AS INDIA LOSES ITS OPPORTUNITY