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Communication (Perception process (2 Organization (Schemas (Physical…

- - - - We use organizational structures to make sense of (categorize) what we selected to notice
    - - Physical constructs
        
        Classify people according to their appearance
      - Role constructs
        
        Use social position
      - Interaction constructs
        
        Focus on social behavior (e. g. easy going, funny)
      - Psychological constructs
        
        Refers to internal states of mind and disposition (e. g. confident, insecure, happy, neurotic)
  - - - Obtain a particular understanding based on how you organized the data you selected
    - - Degree of involvement
        
        We tend to view people whom we have or seek a relationship more favorably than others
      - Relational satisfaction
        
        The behavior that seems positive when you are happy with a partner might seem completely different when the relationship isn't satisfying
      - Personal experience
        
        The meaning that similar events have held
      - Assumptions about human behavior
        
        We assume people are lazy, dislike work, avoid responsibility
        
        You believe people practice self direction and self-control, possess creativity, and seek responsibility
      - Expectations
        
        When we anticipate people will behave in certain ways, our expectations color the way we interpret their behavior
      - Knowledge of others
        
        Affects the way we interpret their actions
  - - - Stimuli
        
        Factors are intense and often attract our attention. Extremely tall or short people
      - Contrast or change
        
        We take wonderful people for grande, only when they go away we appreciate them
      - Internal factors
        
        Shape how we make sense of others. Our motives often determine how we perceive people
      - Emotional state
        
        Our attitude/expectation we bring to a situation shapes our level of happiness/unhappiness. Mood: jealous people
    - - Choosing which data in a field of perceptual data we will attend to
- - - - You may not be able to tell exactly what is going on but the nonverbal cues certainly have communicative value
    - - It is important to create an image of ourselves as we want the others to view us
      - Defines the relationship we want to have with others
    - - Each person has different interpretation
      - Considerations
        
        Context
        
        The history of your relationship with the sender
        
        The other person's mood
        
        Your feelings
  - - - People remember comments accompanied by gestures more than those made with words alone
    - - Use emblems to describe deliberate nonverbal behaviors that have precise meanings known to everyone within a cultural group
    - - They are used to reinforce verbal communication
    - - Stressing certain words with the voice is another way to add nonverbal accents
    - - Express contradictory messages in their verbal and nonverbal behavior
    - - It is easier to catch a liar when they haven't had the chance to rehearse
  - - - Postures and gestures
      - Face and eyes
    - - The tone of voice can change the meaning
    - - Physical attractiveness
      - Clothing
    - - Physical touch can "speak" volumes
    - - Distance
        
        Personal space (proxemics)
      - Territory
        
        The way people use their space
- - - - Sound
      - Govern how words sound when pronounced
      - Individual sound units in a language are combined and recombined to create larger language units
      - Phonemes alter meaning of words when combined (e. g., sat to bat)
      - Examples
        
        Child substitutes one consonant: "wabbit" for rabbit
        
        Discrimination: child hears "go to get the nail" instead of mail
    - - Arrangement
      - Govern the structure of language - the way symbols can be arranged
    - - Word by itself
      - Meaning of specific words
      - Make possible for us to agree that
        
        Bikes are for riding
        
        Books are for reading
    - - How people use language in everyday interaction
      - Interaction