Morphology
knowing the word
how many different words do you know
content word
function word
open class
close class
spelling
grammatical category/ syntactic class
sound
orthography
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make language function// grammatical relation and have little or no semantic content
make language function: articles, conj, article, prep
noun, verbs, adjective, adverbs
what can we do with morphemes?
what is morpheme?
greek: morphe: form
morph & ology
most elemental unit of grammatical form
study of internal structure of words, and of how to form the word
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decompose things, we can break into smaller blocks and use those words to rebuild
the fundamental properties of discreteness in human language
how many morphemes are there?
free morphemes
bound morphemes
they always need other morphemes to which they can attach to
complete words by themselves
word coinage
affixes
little bits we add to words
infixes
prefix
precede other morphemes
suffixes
inserted into other morphemes
circumfixes
attached to base morphemes initially and finally
other dimensions of morpheme
roots
stem
derivational morphology
inflectional morphology
- some meaning change
- small or no meaning change
- never required grammatically
- may change word class
- precede inflectional morphemes in a word
- lexical function/ meaning
- some productive and many non-productive
- often required grammatically
- no word class change
- follow derivational morpheme
- grammatical function
- productive
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exceptions/ suppletions
rule productivity
form new words from free and bound Morpheme, might be complex
structural ambiguous
compounds
lexical/ anticcedental gaps
word formation
irregular/ suppletive
forms are treated separately in grammar
well-formed but not existing word
back formation
a new word enters the language because of an incorrect morphological analysis
create BICEPS from BICEP (biology)
2 words put together and make new language and may change the whole meaning
follow other morphemes