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Testing Definitions (Program Testing (Testing is intended to show that a…
Testing Definitions
Program Testing
Testing is intended to show that a program does what it is intended to do and to discover program defects before it is put into use.
When you test software, you execute a program using artificial data.
You check the results of the test run for errors, anomalies or information about the program’s non-functional attributes.
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Testing is part of a more general verification and validation process, which also includes static validation techniques.
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Software Inspections
These involve people examining the source representation with the aim of discovering anomalies and defects
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They may be applied to any representation of the system (requirements, design, configuration data, test data, etc.).
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Inspections and Testing
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Inspections can check conformance with a specification but not conformance with the customer’s real requirements.
Inspections cannot check non-functional characteristics such as performance, usability, etc.
Testing Guidelines
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Derive tests so that the first, middle and last elements of the sequence are accessed.
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Stages of Testing
Development testing, where the system is tested during development to discover bugs and defects.
Release testing, where a separate testing team test a complete version of the system before it is released to users.
User testing, where users or potential users of a system test the system in their own environment
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Weather Station Testing
Need to define test cases for report Weather, calibrate, test, startup and shutdown.
Using a state model, identify sequences of state transitions to be tested and the event sequences to cause these transitions
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Automated Testing
Whenever possible, unit testing should be automated so that tests are run and checked without manual intervention.
In automated unit testing, you make use of a test automation framework (such as JUnit) to write and run your program tests.
Unit testing frameworks provide generic test classes that you extend to create specific test cases. They can then run all of the tests that you have implemented and report, often through some GUI, on the success of otherwise of the tests.
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Unit Test Effectiveness
The test cases should show that, when used as expected, the component that you are testing does what it is supposed to do.
If there are defects in the component, these should be revealed by test cases.
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Partition Testing
Input data and output results often fall into different classes where all members of a class are related.
Each of these classes is an equivalence partition or domain where the program behaves in an equivalent way for each class member
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Summary
Testing can only show the presence of errors in a program. It cannot demonstrate that there are no remaining faults.
Development testing is the responsibility of the software development team. A separate team should be responsible for testing a system before it is released to customers.
Development testing includes unit testing, in which you test individual objects and methods component testing in which you test related groups of objects and system testing, in which you test partial or complete systems.
Program Testing Goals
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To discover situations in which the behavior of the software is incorrect, undesirable or does not conform to its specification.
Defect testing is concerned with rooting out undesirable system behavior such as system crashes, unwanted interactions with other systems, incorrect computations and data corruption.
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Testing Process Goals
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Defect testing
To discover faults or defects in the software where its behavior is incorrect or not in conformance with its specification
A successful test is a test that makes the system perform incorrectly and so exposes a defect in the system.
V & V Confidence
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Depends on system’s purpose, user expectations and marketing environment
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Inspections and Testing
Software inspections Concerned with analysis of the static system representation to discover problems (static verification)
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Object Class Testing
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Inheritance makes it more difficult to design object class tests as the information to be tested is not localised.
Testing Strategies
Partition testing, where you identify groups of inputs that have common characteristics and should be processed in the same way
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Guideline-based testing, where you use testing guidelines to choose test cases
These guidelines reflect previous experience of the kinds of errors that programmers often make when developing components.
Development Testing
Development testing includes all testing activities that are carried out by the team developing the system.
Unit testing, where individual program units or object classes are tested.
Component testing, where several individual units are integrated to create composite components
System testing, where some or all of the components in a system are integrated and the system is tested as a whole.