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SOCIALISM (INTRODUCTION (SOCIALISM IS LIKE A HAT THAT HAS LOST ITS SHAPE…

- - - - IT IS POLITICALLY USEFUL ESPECIALLY IN THOSE COUNTRIES WHERE LARGE SECTION OF POPULATION IS POOR & AND HAVE RIGHT TO VOTE
      - LIKE HITLER CALLED FASCISM AS SOCIAL NATIONALISM
    - - ENDLESS VARIETIES OF SOCIALISM:
        COUNTRIES SPECIFIC
        PERSON SPECIFIC
        SOME SUPPORT PEACEFUL ROAD TO SOCAILISM SOME SUPPORT VIOLENT
  - - - AS IT INCREAESED INEQUALITY
  - - - ACC. TO CAPITALIST: ATOMISTIC VIEW OF MAN
      - AS MAN IS SOCIAL BY NATURE SO SOCIETY IS ORGANIC ALSO
  - - - FREEDOM : REAL FREEDOM IS FREEDOM FROM NECESSITY
  - - - POLITICAL EQUALITY
    - - EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY
    - - ACC. TO CAP. PROPORTIONATE EQUALITY,
        ABSOLUTE EQUALITY IS INJUSTICE
  - - - CONSTITUTIONAL,
        VOILENT
- - - - EDWARD BRENESTINE: IN PAMPHLET ERFURT PROGRAM
        KARL KAUTSHY
      - RESTRICTED TO GERMANY , EUROPE
      - BRENSTINE SUGGESTED THAT REVOLUTION IS NEITHER POSSIBLE NOR NECESSARY
        
        WORKING CLASS SHOULD ADOPT PARLIAMENTARY ROAD TO SOCIALISM
        
        SINCE THEY ARE IN MAJORITY THEY CAN GET THEIR INTERSET FULFILLED
    - - SCHOLAR: GDH COLE
      - INDUSTRAIL DEMOCRACY, FUNCTIONAL REPRESENTATION
      - HELD THAT REAL INTERST IS ECONOMIC.
        
        HENCE THERE IS A NEED OF ADEQUATE REPRESENTATION OF VARIOUS ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION IN POLICY MAKING
      - GDH COLE ALSO SUGGEST FUNCTIONAL PARLAIMENT
    - - BRITISH VERSION OF SOCIALISM: (ALSO IN INDIAN IDEOLOGY)
        
        SOCIALISM CAN'T COME OVERNIGHT
        
        CIVIL SOCIETY TO WORK WITH STATE FOR RAISING AWARNESS ABOUT SOCIALISM
        
        IT IS SOCIALISM BY MIDDLE CLASS: IT IS RESPONSIBILTY OF INTELLECTUAL CLASS TO BRING SOCIALISM
        
        SOCIALISM WILL BE SUCESSFULL WHEN IT BECOMES COMMENSENSE
        
        AND THIS WILL BE DONE BY USE OF EDUCATION
        
        FABIAN SOCIALISM SIMILAR WELFARE STATE
        
        SCHOLAR S: LASKI, GEORGE BARNARD SHAW, SYDNEY WEBB, ANNIE BEASENT
    - - FRENCH VARIETY OF SOCIALISM:
        
        SUPPORTS VIOLENCE: NEAREST TO MARX IDEAS
        
        SCHOLAR: GEORGE SOREL(AUTHOR OF REFLECTION OF VIOLENCE)
        
        ACC. TO THEM POLITICAL STATE ONLY ECONOMIC STATE IS ENOUGH
        
        SYNDICATE STATE WILL BE CONFEDRATION OF SYNCDICATES
        
        TECHNIQUES: STRIKE, LOCKOUT, SLOW WORK
- - - - IST PERSSON TO SUCESSFULLY IMPLEMENT , MARXIST IDEA...
        LENIN HAS MADE SOME FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES TO MARXISM
      - LENIN'S CONTRIBUTION (CHANGES MADE TO MARXISM)
        
        MARX HELD THATTRUE CONSCIOUS IN WROKERS WILL BE DEVEOPLED BY THEIR OWN
        
        CONCEPT OF COMMUNIST PARTY
        
        LENIN GIVEN PAMPLET :"WHAT IS TO BE DONE"
        
        LENIN HELD THAT WORKING CLASS ARE NOT ABLE TO DEVELOP TRUE CONSCIOUNESS ON THEIR OWN
        
        SO A COMMUNIST PARTY IS NEEDED TO VANGAURD THE REVOLUTION
        
        FEATURES OF COMMUNIST PARTY:
        
        COMMUNIST PARTY TO BE SECRET SOCIETY : THOSE AIM IS TO BRING REVOLUTION
        
        COMMUNIST PARTIES ARE BASED ON DEMOCRATIC CENTRALISM WHEREAS BOURGEISE PARTIES ARE HEIRARCHIAL.
        
        DEMOCRATIC CENTRALISM
        
        STRUCTURE
        
        2 more items...
        
        DEMOCRATIC: BECOZ PEOPLE ARE DECIDING THE PROGRAM
        
        CENTRALISTIC: WHEN PLAN DECIDED THAN EXECUTED BY WHOLE PARTY
        
        MARX HELD THAT REVOLUTION TO BE ONLY BROUGHT BY PROLETARIET(WORKING CLASS)
        
        BUT LENIN BROUGHT REVOLUTION IN PEASENTS
        
        MARX HELD THAT REVOLUTION TOBE BROUGHT IN A FULLY EVILVED CAPITALIST SOCIETY
        
        BUT LENIN BROUGHT IN A SEMI FEUDAL SOCIETY
      - KARL MARX CONFINED ITS THEORY TO DOMESTIC SPHERE ONLY
        
        BUT LENIN IN HIS BOOK IMPERIALISM : HIGHEST STATE OF CAPITALISM
        
        DISCUSSESD THE EXTERNAL ASPECT OF CAPITALISM
        
        LENIN THEORY BECAME THE BASIS FOR MARXIST THEORY OF I.R(DEPENDENCY THEORY)
        
        DEPENDENCY THEORY
        
        RESOURCES FLOW FORM A PHERIPHERY OF POOR AND UNDERDEVELOPED STATE TO CORE OF WEALTHY STATES
        
        THE THEORY EXPLODED THE MYTH OF WHITE MEN'S BURDEN: IT IS NOTHING BUT HIGHEST FORM OF CAPITALISM
        
        LENIN HAS ANALYSED THREE STAGES ON IMPERIALISM
        
        MERCANTALISM:
        
        INDUSTRAIL
        
        FINANCIAL
        
        LENIN HELD THAT WW1 WAS NOTHING BUT A CAPITALIST WAR FOR COLONIES
        
        SO LENIN THOUGHT OF SUPPORTING THE NATIONALIST PARTY FIGHTING AGAINST IMPERIALISM.
        
        SO THOUGHT THAT COMMUNIST REVOLUTION CAN START AGAINST CAPITALISM IN COLONIES
  - - - MAOISM IS AGAINST FEUDALISM AND IMPERIALISM
        
        FEUDALISM :
        
        MAOISM HAS GIVEN CENTRAL POSITION TO PEASENTRY IN REVOLUTION
        
        BECOZ CHINA HAS LONG HISTORY OF PEASENT REVOLT
        
        IMPERIALISM:
        
        CHINA WAS INTERNATIONAL COLONY (CUTTING THE CHINESSE LEMON)
      - MAO UNLIKE MARX WAS NOT AGAINST OF CAPITALISM AND NATIONALISM
    - - ANATGONISTIC
        
        WHICH CAN'T BE RESOLVED:
        FEUDALISM AND IMPERIALISM
      - NON-ANTAGONISTIC
        
        WHICH CAN BE RESOLVED
        NATIONAL CAPITALISM
    - - MARX CALLED FOR ONLY ONE RESOLUTION.. I.E AGAINST MODE OF PRODUCTION
        
        BUT FOR MAO : PERMANENT REVOLUTION: BOTH AT IDEOLOGICAL AND MATERIAL REVOLUTION
    - - GUERILA WARFARE SHOULD BE STRATEGY OF POORS
        MAO DISCUSSED THE STRATEGY OF REVOLUTION IN RED BOOK
        
        ACC. TO MAO PEOPLE SHOULD TRY TO CAPTURE THE PERIPHERY LIKE RAT NIBBLES
        
        PEOPLE SHOULD ATTACK WHEN ENEMY IS RESTING.. THEY SHOULD WITHDRAW WHEN EENEMY ATTACK'S
      - ACC. TO MAO: POWER FLOWS THROUGH BARREL OF GUN
        
        ONLY WAY PEOPLE CAN TO POWER IS THROUGH VIOLENCE
    - - MAO: POWER LIES IN BAREEL OF GUN.. VIOLENCE
        STRAEGY: GUERILLA WARFARE
      - GANDHI: AHIMSA PARVO DHARMA
        STRATEGY: SATYAGRAHA
      - THOUGH BOTH MAO AND GANDHI ARE SUCESSFUL IN LIBERATING THERE NATIONS FROM FORIGN RULE
        
        BUT GANDHI IS MOREALLY MORESUPERIOR.
        
        AS VOILENCE RESULT INTO VIOLENCE. NOT SOLUTION
        
        VOILENCE BELONGED TO WORLD OF ANIMALS & EYE FOR EYE WILL MAKE WORLD BLIND
        
        ACC. TO GANDHI THEIR IS CONTINUITY B/W END AND MEANS
        
        IF WE CHOOSE VOILENT MEANS WE CANT ARRIVE AT RIGHT ENDS
        REVOLUTION LIKE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, CHINESSE REVOLUTION DIDN'T LEAD TO EMPOWERMENT OF MASSES
- - - - SCHOLARS: ERIC FROMM
        MAX HORKHIEMER
        THEODORE ADORNO
        HERT MARQUSE
      - INFLUENCE
        
        MARX+HEGEL+PSYCOLOGY
        
        CRITICAL SCHOOL COZ IN DAILECTICS WITH: CAPITALISM
        RATIONALISM
        ORTHODOX MARXISM
      - ACC TO THEM: REAL CONCERN OF MARX
        
        EMANICIPATION OF MAN
        
        NOT CLASS STRUGGELE AND REVOLUTION AS PORTRAYED BY MARXIST
        
        THEY GIVE IMP. TO MARX THEORY OF ALENIATION
        
        THEY HELD THAT ALIENATION RATHER OF GETTING ENDED BUT GOT ENTRENCHED IN BOTH NEO CAPITALISM AND TOTALITARIAN STATE
        
        CAPITALIST SOCIETY BECOME MORE SLAVES THAN EARLIER
        
        TOTALITARIAN SOCIETY : THERE IS NO HOPE FOR FREDOM
      - CRTICAL MARXIST HAVE ANALYSED THE NEW WAYS OF EXPLOTATION DEVELOPED BY CAPITALISM
        
        MAX HORKHEIMER
        
        GAVE CONCEPT OF NEGATIVE DILECTICS
        
        ACC. TO NEGATIVE DILECTICS: WE ARE NOT MOVING TOWARDS FREEDOM RATHER MOVING TOWARDS SLAVERY
        
        THE PROJECT OF ENLIGHTMENT IS SHOWING REVERSE ORDER
        
        CRITICAL MARXIST ARE CRITICAL ABOUT SCIENCE
        
        SCIENCE HAS UNDERMINED IMPORTANCE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF VALUES FROM OUR LIVES
        
        .. PROMOTES INSTRUMENTAL RATIONALITY
        
        HERBET MARQUSE:
        
        SCIENCE HAS TAKEN AWAY CRITICAL REASONING
        
        HUMAN BEINGS BEHAVE LIKE HERD OF GOAT AND SHEEP
        
        GAVE CONCEPT OF :ONE DIMENSIONAL MAN
        
        SUGGEST THAT WE ARE LIVING IN CONSUMERIST SOCIETY WHOSE CULTURE IS CONSUMERIST
        
        PERSONALITY OF MAN HAS BECOME 1 DIMENSIONAL
        
        ONE DIMENSION: IS OF CONSUMER
        
        CAPITALISM SURVIVES BY CREATING FALSE NEEDS
        
        CRIC. MARX. ANALYSED ROLE OF CULTURE INDUSTRY, ADVERTISMENT INDUSTRY
        
        IN TURNING MAN INTO MASS AND ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN CREATION OF MASS SOCIETY
        
        ADORNO ANALYSED THE IMPACT OF CAPITALISM ON MUSIC
        
        ONLY SUCH MUSIC IS PROMOTED WHICH KILLS SENSIVITY
        
        SO TODAY MOST EFFECTIVE WAY OF EXPLIOTATION IS CULTURE..
        CULTURE IS NOW A ECONOMIC COMMODITY
        CULTURE IS NOW PRODUCED, SOLD AND PURCHASED
    - - MARX WAS STRUCTURALIST BUT A ECOMINC DETERMINENT
        
        MARX HELD SUPERSTRUCTURE IS REFLECTION OF BASE
        AND BASE IS ECONOMIC
      - BUT NEO MARXIST LIKE GRAMSCI ALSO GAVE IMPORTANCE TO SUPERSTRUCTURE
      - ALTHUSUS
        
        GAVE COCEPT OF MULTIPLE STRUCTURE.. AND HISTORY CAN START AT ANY LEVEL
        
        LIKE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION STARTED FROM ECONOMIC STRUCTURE