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CRTIQUE OF RAWLS THEORY (COMMUNITARIAN CRITIQUE: (DEBATE IN COMMUNITARIANS…

- - - - CASTE SYSTEM IN INDIA : IT CONTINUED IN INDIA BECAUSE PEOPLE SUBSCRIBED T CONCEPT OF CASTE
      - ALSO IN ANCIENT GREECE WHERE PEOPLE DONATED MONEY TO BUILT GMNASIUM RATHER THAN DONATING TO POORS
  - - - COMMUNITARIAN DON'T SUPPORT IDEA THAT
        LIBERTY SHOULD BE ABOVE ALL IDEA
        
        IT IS NOT NECESSARY THAT PERSON EXERCISING LIBERTY IS SUPERIOUR THAN WHOM WHO IS NOT
        
        FOR EG: CASE OF POLYGAMY:
        DOESN'T MEAN PERSON WHO HAD MARRIED ONCE IS NOT GOOD
      - LIBERALS: THERE CAN BE UNIVERSAL CONCEPT OF JUSTICE .... JUSTICE AS A PRODUCT OF REASON IN MAN
        
        FOR RAWLS : DESERT: MAX . LIBERTY TO BE 1ST IPTION IN RAWL'S CONCEPTION OF JUSTICE
      - ACC. TO COMMUNITARIANS:
        
        IDEA OF JUSTICE NPT INDEPENDENT OF TIME, SPACE AND CULTURE
    - - MAN IS EMBEDDED OR SITUATED SELF:
        
        COMMUNITARIANS HELD THAT WE ARE NOT FREE TO CHOOSE OUR END.. WE DISCOVER THEM RATHER CHOOSING THEM
        
        MAN IS PLACED IN CULTURE- OUR CHOICE, OUR RATIONALITY IS PLACED IN CULTURE
        
        MAN CAN'T BE DETACHED FROM HIS CULTURE OR COMMUNITY
        
        THEY TALK ABOUT PRACTICAL REASONING:
        
        SELF DISCOVARY, RATHER THAN ABSTRACT REASONING
        
        EVEN RAWLS HIMSELF COULDN'T BE FREE FROM PREFRENCES OF HIS SOCIETY... HIS PREFRENCE FOR LIBERTY IS BECAUSE OF HIS SOCIETY
      - LIBERALS: ATOMISTIC CONCEPT OF MAN
        
        SELF IS PRIOR TO END
        (MAN TO HAVE FREEDOM TO DECIDE HIS END OR GOAL)
    - - FOR LIBERALS: COMMUNITY IS NOTHING BUT AGGREGATE OF MEN
        
        RAWLS DOESN'T GIVE MUCH IMP. TO COMMUNITY
      - ACC. TO COMMUNITARIANS: IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO OVERLOOK COMMUNITY.. IT IS NATURAL,ORGANIC, BIGGER THAN INDIVIDUAL
    - - ACC. TO LIBERALS:
        
        STATE SHOULD ADOPT VALUE NEUTRALITY...
        THERE SHOULD SEPERATION B/W PERSONEL AND POLITICAL
        
        LIBERALS SUPPORT UNIVERSAL CITIZENSHIP.. AND FOR IT THEY RELY ON IDEA OF NATIONALISM TO ACHEIVE SOLIDARITY
      - COMMUNITARIANS:
        
        STATE NEED NOT BE NEUTRAL STATE SHOULD PROMOTE SUCH VALUES WHICH STRENGTHEN SOCIAL SOLIDARITY
        
        STATE SHOULD ADOPT CULTURAL RELATIVIST...
        
        STATE SHOULD NOT ATTEMPT TO ACHEIVE HOMOGENIZATION FOR SOCIAL SOLIDARITY
        
        JUSTICE IS NOT IN UNIVERSALIZING
        JUSTICE IS ART OF DIFFRENTAITION
        
        THERE IS NO NEED TO KEEP PUBLIC SPHERE OUT OF RELIGION BECOZ IT IS NOT POSSIBLE
        
        IT IS BETTER WE RECOGNIZE IT AND GIVE SOACE TO PUBLIC POLICY
  - - - THERE IS A DECLINE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL(LACK OF SOLIDARITY)
  - - - ON ORIGNAL POSITION:
        
        PEOPLE ARE NOT ABSTRACT INDIDUALS ... THEY ARE MORAL AGENTS
        
        FOR SANDELS MAN IS NEVER IN ORIGNAL POSITION
      - ON VIEW OS COCIETY
        
        CONCEPT OF JUSTICE CAN BE UNDERSTOOD ONLY WITHIN FRAMEWORK OF COMMUNITY(CULTURE AND TRADITION) NOT INDEPENDENT OF IT
- - - - THREE CHILDREN DEMAND FOR ONE FUILD GIVES FOLLOWING ARGUMENTS
      - ANN: I KNOW BEST USE: UTILITARIAN
        BOB: I DON'T HAVE ANYTHING ELSE: SOCIALIST
        CARLA: I HAVE MADE IT SO I WILL HAVE IT: LIBERAL
      - SO ALL CAN'T BE HAPPY AT SAME TIME
        SO PERFECT IDEA OF JUSTICE IS NOT POSSIBLE
    - - SEN BOTH APPRECIATES AND DISAGREES WITH RAWLS:
        
        APPRECIATES:
        
        AS RAWLS MAKES CRITICISM OF UTILITARIANISM
        
        RAWLS MAKES FAIRNESS AS BASIS OF JUSTICE
        
        DISAGREES:
        
        DOESN'T SUPPORT NECESSCITY OF UNIVERSAL IDEA OF JUSTICE(STORY OF 3 CHILDREN)
        
        SEN ALSO DON'T BELIEVE THAT JUSTICE AS A PRODUCT OF PROCEDURE(CRTIC OF LEXICAL ORDER)
        
        ACC. TO AMARTYA NYAYA IS SUPERIOR TO NEETI
        
        SEN INSPIRED FROM BUDDHA WHO SOUGHT OT ELIMINATE HUMAN SUFFERING
        
        SEN PROPSES SOCIAL CHOICE RATHER THAN RATIONA CHOICE
        
        RATIONAL CHOICE IS BASED ON ABSTRACT IDEA MAKING ADECISION IN A IDEALISED CONDITION
        
        SOCIAL CHOICE IS REAL PERSON MAING CHOICE IN REAL SITUATION
      - AMARTYA SEN CALLS HIS THEORY AS COMPARITIVE
        
        COMAPRITIVE DOESN'T MEAN ACHEIVING PERFECTLY JUST SOCIETY BUT SOCIETY S JUST AS POSSIBLE
- - - - THEY CALL IT IS MOREA THEORY JUSTIFYING INEQUALITY
      - RAWLS HAS TRIED TO SHOW INEQUALITY RATHER EQUALITY AS A PREFRENCE
- - - - STATE TO PROTECT RIGHT TO PROPERTY
      - STATE CAN INTERVENE IN PROPERTY ONLY WHEN RTP PUT LIVES OF MANY IN DANGER
        
        HE GIVES EXAMPLE OF WELL IN VILLAGE: WELL IS ONLY SOURCE OF WATER TO VILLAGERS AND OWNER OF WELL DEPRIVES OF VILLAGERS FROM WATER . IN THIS CONDITION.. STATE CAN INTERVENE