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Chapter 6 Eschatology Part 1 (6.5 The four last things (Hell (State of…
Chapter 6 Eschatology Part 1
6.2 Michelangelo's The Last Judgement
"All who stand firm will be saved"
Mark
All who stay strong in the face of persecution will be resurrected
All characters are naked except Mary and Jesus, show all are equal before God
Mary has an expression of calm trust
The Saints
Pictured with instruments that killed them
Archangel-Michel- holding the book of those who've been faithful and will be rewarded in heaven- there is a bigger book for the names destined to go to hell
They all have perfect bodies showing in the resurrection all will be renewed
The faithful are the sheep
Being raised up from judgement
People leaving their graves, all people will be raised on the last day
People express their despair for the future in the look on their faces and the way they hold their bodies
Hell has no light as the light of Christ can't read those who have rejected God
General movement is downward
Roman mythology Rive Styx and Charon the boatman
Doesn't show hell itself but a gasping blackness that is the gateway to hell and they won't return
Seven angels blowing trumpets
angels of the book of revelation
When the blow their trumpets devastation on earth and the end of the world
Central dominant figure is Jesus
Jesus came in his glory and his role as judge through his obedience and suffering
Powerful being but still has the wounds of the crucifixion
"The last judgement will take place at the end of the world, at the second coming of Christ"
Youcat
6.1 The Paschal candle
Alpha and Omega
Represent that God is the beginning and the end
"Christ yesterday and today; the beginning and the end"
Priest says
Year
Show we have lived another year in the presence of Christ
5 little holders
Each contain a grain of incense. Represent the 5 wounds that Christ received in his hands, feet and side during the Crucifixion
The Paschal Candle in the Easter Vigil
One of the first and most important features
Takes place in the hours of darkness
When congregation assembled Priest light as fire, this light breaks darkness
Reflects the light of Christ rising from the grave destroying the power of sin an death
Priest blesses and lights the paschal candle, represents the Risen Christ
Congregation each given a light from Paschal Candle- show all believers share in the risen glory of God
Other Uses
One Paschal Candle lasts for the whole year until the next Easter Vigil
Lit at Eastertide, baptisms and funerals
Baptism- Person filled with the light of Christ
Funeral- Person has joined Christ in the resurrected life promise made through the resurrect of Jesus has been fulfilled through them
6.4 Eschatology and life after death
What is Eschatology?
Study of what happens at the end of time
It's difficult to know what's going to happen as Jesus is the only one able to provide any insights
Bible gives us some idea
Jesus talked about the end of time in Mark, Matthew and Luke
Some warn us of the devastation that will take place
Others deal with the coming of the Son of Man on the clouds of heaven to judge the whole of creation
The coming of the Son of Man will be preceded by cosmic disasters
"The sun will be darkened and the moon will not give its light"
Mark
These events reflect the end of this world order and the establishment of the Reign of God in glory
Eschatology and the resurrection
Jesus' resurrection was the power of God at work in a new way
It was the beginning of the end of the reign of sin and death
Showed life continued beyond the grave
Previous it was believed the end of the world was imminent and Jesus' resurrection would be quickly followed by by all being taken into the presence of God
Christians learnt they must resist the temptation of sin and evil on earth and allow the Holy Spirit to guide them- this would prepare them for meeting the Son of Man both when they die and at the final judgement
St Paul's letter on resurrection
Resurrection proves that in death
"Life is changed not ended"
Paul talks about the afterlife in his letters
Compares the relationship of the earthly body and the heavenly body to that of a seed and a plant
Nobody can deny that a seed brings the plant and therefore they must be the same thing
When the risen Jesus appeared to his disciples, he was not limited by any physical barrier and yet he was full present and touchable
Jesus promised those who are faithful will be with him in heaven
"I go and prepare a place for you... where I am, there you may be also"
John
6.3 Memorials for the dead
Catholic beliefs about burials
Believe in the resurrection
At judgement the persons whole body and soul will come into God' presence
During life body is a temple of the holy spirit
The body should be treated will respect even after death
Forbid anything that seems to undervalue the body
"You are dust and to dust you shall return"
Body should corrupt naturally
Cremation banned until 1960s
Tombstones
Indicate location of earthly remains
allows place to be treated with respect
Include info about deceased person
May include religious messages
Include RIP
Prayer for the deceased to be in the presence of God in heaven
Many in the shape of a cross
Indicated they believed in Jesus
Message they are joining in Christ's death so they rise with him to eternal life
Some have angels on them
Belief people have a guardian angel
presents them to God for judgement, asking for a merciful judgement
Monuments
Some people buried inside a church
Usually people buried in church grounds
Message of monument- no matter how important they were they face the same bodily corruption and judgement as everyone else
Sometimes built to indicate someone special
E.G. Over saints tombs
People pilgrimage there
St Edward the confessor in West Minster Abbey and St Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral
E.G. Pyramids of Egypt or Tajmahal
Often have sculptures of the deceased on them
Different Ages- Different Decoration
Remembrance Gardens
Many Catholics choose cremation over burial
Often isn't enough space for burial
Catholic Church insist the remains of the person must be treated with respect
Cremated- ashes kept in an urn and aren't scattered
Urns must be place is a formal site for burial like a cemetery or remembrance garden
Places of quiet dignity where the bereaved can mourn their loved ones
Supposed to be beautiful
Reflect how the deceased should now be in peace
Feel close to the deceased
As their bodily remains rest in peace
6.5 The four last things
Death
Death isn't the end of the individual
Person consists of body and soul
Body may corrupt, soul passes beyond the veil of death and meets God- end of time body and soul will meet in perfect form
Death is a transition into eternal life- death isn't something to fear
"I'm not dying, I'm entering life"
Youcat
Judgement
After death a person is judged
Will account for all their deeds and failings
People can no long hide or deceive themselves
Must accept responsibility for their actions
Judged in the light of God's love
Judgement will be merciful
Heaven
Place of total, eternal happiness in the presence of God
Aware of the love of God for each individual and the community
No cares and worries
A reward for those who have lived by God's love and guidance
God is loving and wants us all to join in it but only those who accept his love can
Hell
State of eternal separation from God
For those who choose to reject God
State of spiritual darkness
God doesn't want people in hell
Everyone has freewill so some choose to reject him
Sense of frustration and an awareness of what they've thrown away
Depicted as a place of endless burning- image for the self-inflicted frustration and anger those in hell face
Term used to describe what Christians believe all will face at the end of their earthly existence
6.6 Purgatory and judgement
Purgatory
When people want to accept God's presence for eternity it is overwhelming
Makes them ashamed and conscious of their sins
God is forgiving and the person cannot feel at ease with him until they are free of their sins
"the Lord looks at us full of love- and we experience burning shame and painful remorse"
Youcat
Cleansing process- effect of sin is removed so people can feel happy in the presence of God
It is not a halfway point
they are on their way to heaven
Often thought of as a state of pain- this comes from the removal of the effects of sin. Those there need support and prayers of the other people so the cleansing process might be completed quickly
Individual and final judgement
Particular Judgement
The persons response to God will decide whether they go to heaven, hell or purgatory
When someone dies, they a judged by God on a personal basis
Final Judgement
When Christ will come in glory at the end of time
Whole of creation will be judged
Reign of God will be established
All those who accepted God's invitation will join him forever in glory- the perfect completion of the new creation, when God will make everything perfect
Other Christian beliefs about the afterlife
The moment of judgement after death is decisive
Don't believe in purgatory
Believe it is heaven or hell
All people will wait for the second coming of Christ in their graves and will all be judged by God and end up in heaven or hell
