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Gender Inequality (Contributing factors (Economic (Constraints on…

- - - - Measures to correct the existing gender imbalance- like paid family leave, which eases pressure on new mothers to return to the workforce and (in the case of paternity leave) splits the allocation of childrearing duties more equally- are costly and impractical for businesses.
        
        Financial strain caused by such policies may be passed onto employees and hurt vulnerable women (eg. working single mothers who depend on a certain wage). (Reading 20)
        
        Proposal to mandate paid leave could cost 12000-16000 jobs over several years (National Federation of Independent Businesses, Reading 20)
        
        Especially relevant for independent businesses/ SMEs as compared to Fortune 500 companies.
    - - "Missing women phenomenon" is especially prevalent in LEDCs.
      - In India, mortality rate of girls, relative to boys, spikes during droughts.
  - - - Though there is a mandated family leave policy in France, French women were "less likely to hold private-sector leadership positions" than American counterparts, due to social attitudes within the workplace about those who take extended leave.
    - - Perception in China that older unmarried women are "leftover women" who have failed to attract men. (Reading 19)
        
        Not reflective of actual situation, as there is a surplus of men due to sex-selective abortion.
        
        Women face social pressure to get married, as marriage is a symbol of status and social acceptance for them.
        
        Financial implications for women
        
        Give up career opportunities to avoid "intimidating" potential suitors, or to focus on family matters.
        
        Families view women having property rights as uncommon/ unnatural, so parents finance their sons' houses but not their daughters'
        
        Over the past decades, there has been a property boom in China; however, cultural factors means that rates of home ownership and property investment have increased far more for men than women, heightening the gender inequality in this respect.
        
        Strengthens the position of husbands + in-laws who seek to limit property rights of women marrying into the family. Women are shut out of the property market.
        
        Could potentially leave divorced women homeless, as by law marital real estate belongs to the one whose name is on the property deed (tends to be men)/ #
        
        Social/ emotional implications
        
        Lack of independence (financially and otherwise) leaves women vulnerable to abuse.