HEART

Valve Anatomy

Heart Surface Anatomy

Heart Chambers

Coronary Artery and Cardiac Vein

Manubrium

covers the confluence of brachciocephalic veins to form the SVC and the arch of the Aorta (3 branches)

right side of heart

ANTERIOR

left side of heart

POSTERIOR

Interventricular suculus

terminates at the apex

5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

coronary suculus

divides the atria from ventricles

acute margin = right sternum

oblique margin

auscultation

2nd intercostal space

5th intercostal space

left: Pulmonary valve (left semilunar)

right: Aortic valve (right semilunar)

Mitral = midclavicular (left)

Tricuspid = LEFT of Xiophoid

MISC

Sinus Recesses

Parietal and visceral layers of pericardium are different

parietal is fibrous

Transverse sinus = deep to aorta and pulmonary trunks

2. Oblique sinus = under the apex of the heart to the pulmonary veins

*This is where fluid can build up during pericardial effusion

visceral = EPICARDIUM

Left side chamber

Right side chamber

Walls of the Heart

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Interventricular Septum

The heart is surrounded by fat

located in the epicardium (visceral layer)

fat pads surround coronary vessels

thickness

the left ventricle wall is thicker than the right ventricle all

thick intermuscular septum

separates the 2 ventricles

Pectinate Muscle

Sinus Venarum

comb-like muscles

smooth area on wall of R atrium; formed by confluence of IVC and SVC

Crista Terminalis

separates the pec. muscle and sinus vemarum

Coronary sinus

Oval fossa

confluence of the great, middle, and small cardiac veins

Conus Arteriosus Infundibulum

Papillary muscle

Trabecula Carneae

Valve cusps (AV/tricuspid cusp and Semilunar/pulmonary valve cusp)

funnel/outlet to the Pulmonary Trunk

fleshy network that lines the ventricle

contract to restrain the prolapse of leaflets in the AV valves

attached by chordae tendineae

Tricuspid

anterior cusp

posterior cusp

septal cusp

septomarginal/marginal band

bridges the septal wall to the marginal wall (shortcut)

valve cusps

formed by confluence of pulmonary veins

Mitral valve

Myocardium is thicker on left side

Pulmonary valve = outlet

Aortic valve (semilunar) = outlet

Anterior cusp

Posterior cusp

Trabecula Carneae

fleshy network that lines the ventricle

Semilunar Valves

Atrioventricular valves

attached to a fibrous ring

anchored by fibrous trigone (skeleton of the <3)

Mitral

left side

Tricuspid

right side

anterior cusp

septal cusp

posterior cusp

anterior cusp

posterior cusp

both have 3 semilunar cusps

Pulmonary Valve = more ANTERIOR

Aortic valve = more POSTERIOR

cusps

Left semilunar cusp

Right semilunar cusp

Anterior semilunar cusp

cusps

Left semilunar cusp

Right semilunar cusp

Posterior semilunar cusp

has 2 "ostium" coming from LCA and RCA

FUNCTION:

Diastole = vent. FILLING

Systole = vent. CONTRACTION

AV valves = OPEN

Semilunar CLOSED

AV valves = CLOSED

Semilunar = OPEN

rising ventricular pressure

blood is EJECTED out the Aorta and Pulm. Trunk

inflation of AV valves = S1

AV valves are held to prevent prolapse (atrial regurgitation) by papillary muscles

end of contraction, semilunar valves close = S2

Coronary ARTERY

Cardiac Veins

Suculus

Coronary

Interventricular

encircles <3 between atria and ventricles

encircles <3 between ventricles

arise from ostium in the Aorta

both travel along the coronary suculus valley

Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

Left Coronary Artery (LCA)

acute Marginal Branch = along right ventricle

LCA branches into the Left Atrial Descending Artery (LAD)

LAD supplies the anterior portion of the interventricular suculus

the Circumflex Branch passes over the obtuse margin of the <3 to give branches that supply the L side of the <3 as it passes within the posterior coronary suculus

includes Purkinje fibers

Posterior Descending Aorta (PDA) = descends in the posterior
interventricular suculus - supplies blood to the SA node and AV node

Middle

Small

Great

first to drain ventricles

runs alongside LAD and Circumflex artery

first observed with the PDA

first observed with the RCA Marginal Branch and then with the RCA again in the coronary suculus

these bridge over the RCA and empty DIRECTLY into the R atrium

Coronary Sinus

all of the cardiac veins draining blood from the myocardium combine to form this reservoir (C. Sinus).

will empty into the R atrium

1 EXCEPTION: anterior cardiac veins (these will not utilize the coronary sinus to empty into the R atrium, they will empty into the R atrium DIRECTLY)