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Cells (Microscopy (light (how to view specimen (place cover slip, lower…

- - - - distinguish 2 close points
      - higher resolution means see more detail and clearer
  - - - thin slice of specimen as needs to let light pass through
      - drop of water on slide with pipette, place with twizzer - secure
      - drop of stain if colourless to help see
      - place cover slip, lower other end with mounted needle
        
        press gently to avoid air bubbles then clip to stage
      - Select lowest powered objective lens
      - coarse adjustment knob to move stage up to just underneath
        
        then look down eyepiece, move down till nearly focus
      - adjust focus with fine adjustment knob
        
        place ruler, diameter is field of view (FOV)
      - For greater magn. swap for higher powered objective lens
- - - - genetic material
        
        controls activities of cells
        
        arranged in chromosomes
    - - gel-like substances
        
        most chemical reactions
        
        contains enzymes
    - - hold cell together
      - controls what goes in and out
    - - respiration takes place
        
        transfers energy that cel needs to work
    - - translation of genetic material in synthesis of protein
  - - - made of cellulose
    - - contains cell sap
        
        weak solution of sugar and salts
      - maintain internal pressure to support cell
    - - photosynthesis occurs
      - contains green chlorophyll
- - - - Function
        
        carry female DNA
        
        nourish early embryo
      - Adapted
        
        nutrients in cytoplasm
        
        haploid nucleus
        
        After fertilisation, membrane changes
        
        stops more sperm getting in
        
        right amount of DNA
    - - Function
        
        transport male DNA to female egg
      - Adapted
        
        long tail to swim
        
        mitochondria for energy for the swim
        
        Haploid DNA
        
        Acrosome on the front of head
        
        contains enzyme to digest egg membrane
  - - - cilia beat to move substance in one direction
    - - airway lining
        
        move mucus up the throat to be swallowd and not to lung
        
        mucus traps particles from the air
- - - - one long circular
      - controls activities and replication
      - floats free in cytoplams, no nucleus
    - - small loop
      - extra DNA
      - genes for drug resistance
      - can be passed between bacteria
    - - long, hair like structure
      - rotates to make bacteria move
      - move away from toxins and towards nutrients