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KARL MARX (INTRODUCTION: (PRINCIPLES OF MARX: (PHILOSOPHICAL:DIALECTICAL…

- - - - MARX HELD THAT VIOLENCE IS MOTHER OF CHANGE... THERE HAS BEEN NO BIRTH W/O BLOODSHED
        
        SO MARX GAVE A CALL FOR WORKERS OF WORLD UNITE.. YOU WILL LOSE NOTHING BUT CHAINS.. YOU WILL HAVE WORLD TO WIN
  - - - BUT 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS LED TO REVIVAL OF MARX'S IDEA(THOMAS PIKETY(REFERED AS MODERN MARX)) IN HIS BOOK CAPITALISM IN 21ST CENTURY
      - ALSO BECOZ OF MARX IDEAS CAPITALISM CHANGED ITSELF AND ADOPTED CONCEPT OF WELFARE STATE: SHOWS SUCESS OF MARX
      - FURTHUR CAPITALISTS HELD THAT MARX OR DEAD MARX IS A THREAT TO CAPITALISM
- - - - REAL IS RATIONAL : WHATEVER IS UNDERSTOOD BY REASON IS REAL.. SO IDEA IS UNDERSTOOOD BY REASON SO IDEA IS REAL... GOD IS ULTIMATE IDEA
      - RATIONAL IS REAL WHATEVER IS UNDERTOOD WITH REASON IS REAL:: STATE BEING THE LAST: STATE IS ULTIMATE CREATION OF GOD..
        SO :arrow_lower_left:
  - - - ACC. TO HEGEL STATE IS ULTIMATE CREATION OF GOD.. SO STATE IS MARCH OF GOD ON EARTH
      - AND AS STATES ARE MANY WAY TO FIND WHICH COUNTRY IS BEST IS WAR.. WHICH COUNTRY WINS IS GOD'S OWN COUNTRY
  - - - THESIS :heavy_plus_sign: ANTITHESIS = SYNTHESIS(NEW THESIS AND CYCLE GOES ON)... THIS IS PROCESS OF CHANGE IN HISTORY
    - - 1: THERE EXIST A UNITY OF OPPOSITES LIKE :heavy_plus_sign: & :heavy_minus_sign:
        DAY & NIGHT
        SUMMER & WINTER
        GOOD & EVIL... AND MOVEMENT TOM HISTORY IS BECOZ OF THESE OPPOSITES
      - 2: NEGATION OF NEGATION: WIITH EACH OF SYNTHESIS . NEGATIVEVITY IS EVENTUALLY REDUCED AND ONLY POSITIVEITY REMAINS
      - 3: QUANTITY CHANGES INTO QUALITY.. QUANTITATIVE CHANGE IS HAPPENING EVERY TIME AND TIME COMES IT WILL TURN INTO QUALITATIVE CHANGE
  - - - SPIRTULAISTIC: IDEA~ GOD
      - MATERIALISTIC: MATTER ~MAN
- - - - ACC. TO MARX HEGEL IS STANDING ON ITS HEAD:
        HISTORY IS MOVMENT OF DILECTICS OF MATTER NOT IDEA
    - - THAT IS MAN'S 1ST ACT WS THINKING OR PRODUCTION
      - ACC. TO MARX
        
        MAN IN ORDER TO MAKE HISTORY MAN HAS TO LIVE
        TO LIVE HE HAS TO EAT
        TO EAT HE HAS TO PRODUCE
        SO SOCIETY IS DIVISON OF LABOUR
        SOCIETY CAME IN EXISTENCE BECOZ OF PRODUCTION
        SO MAN 1ST HISTORICAL ACT IS PRODUCTION NOT THINKING
        
        THUS ECONOMY IS BAIS OF SOCIETY
        AND LABOUR IS MOST IMP FUNCTION
    - - FOR EG PLATO THEORISED
        THOSE DOING INTELCETUAL LABOUR: TO RULE
        AND THOSE DOING PRODUCTION WORK
        ARE TO BE DEPRIEVED TO RULE ON PERMANENT BASIS
        AND TRADITION CONTINUED
      - MARX COUNTERING HEGEL'S REAL IS RATIONAL AND RATIONAL IS REAL
        
        HELD THAT OUR CONSCIOUSNESS DOESN'T DETERMINE OUR EXISTENCE.. IT IS OUR EXISTENCE THAT DETERMINE OUR CONSCIOUSNESS
        
        THEORY , CONS. IDEA.. DOES DEFINE OUR CONSCIOUNESS AS IT IS THE IDEA OF RULING CLASS IMPOSED OF WORKING CLASS
        
        FOR EX: CONS. SAYS YOU ARE A FREE MAN BUT YOU ARE NOT A FREE BECOZ OF POVERTY
    - - IF TRUE CONSCIOUNESS IS REALISED THAN WORKER WILL TAKE UP ARMS AND ONERTHROW THE CAPITALIST RULE
  - - - 1ST STAGE:PREHISTORIC AGE
        
        PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM: INITIALLY PROPERTY WAS HELD IN COMMEN -- ALL WERE OWNERS SO STATE WAS NOT REQUIRED
        
        MARX TRYING TO SHOW MAN LIVED W/O PRIVATE PROPERTY... IT MEANS MAN CAN LIVE W/O PRIVATE PROPERTY.. IN A WAY MARX JUSTIFIES COMMUNISM
      - 2ND STAGE: SLAVE SOCIETY
        
        CLASS STRUGGLE B/W MASTER AND SLAVE. STATE WAS WORKING IN INTEREST OF MASTERS
      - 3RD STAGE:FEUDAL STAGE
        
        CLASS STRUGGLE B/W LORD AND SERFS
      - 4TH STAGE: CAPITALISM
        
        CLASS STRUGGLE B/W CAPITALIST AND WORKER CLASS..STATE IS INTRUMENT OF CAPITALIST
      - 5TH STAGE :SOCIALISM
        
        NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH SOCIALISM IN GENERAL...
        
        ACC. TO MARX THIS STAGE WILL BE TEMPRARY IN NATURE
        
        SOVEINT MARXIST POPULARISED SOCIALISM AS DICTATORSHIP OF PROLETARIAT
        
        BUT IN ALL THE COUNTRIES WHERE COMMUNIST REVOLUTION TOOK PLACE -- THE INTERMEDIATE STAGE BECAME PERMANENT - IN NONE TO COUNTRIES COMMUNISM CAME
        
        INSPITE OF DICTATORSHIP OF PROLETARIET DICTATORSHIP OF COMMUNIST PARTY GOT ESTD.
        
        SOCIALISM WILL BE 1ST STAGE AFTER PROLETARIET REVOLUTION
        
        VIOLENT OVERTHROW OF THE STATE(AS STATE IS INSTRUMENT OF CAPITALIST CLASS)
        
        NOW STATE IS INSTRUMENT OF WORKING CLASS
        
        WHICH WILL BE DEMOCRACY FOR MAJORITY AND DICTATORSHIP FOR MINORITY
        
        ACC. TO MARX. CAPITALIST DEMOCRACY IS A FALSE CONSCIOUS.. IT WAS DEMOCRACY FOR MINORITY... AND DICTATORSHIP FOR MAJORITY
        
        THIS STAGE IS NEEDED TO GET PREPARE TO MAKE ALL NECESSCARY PREPARATION BEFORE COMMUNISM
        
        THOUGH POWER IS CAPTURED BY PROLETARIET BUT STILL THE CAPITALIST ELEMENT NEEDS TO BE WEEDED OUT
      - 6TH STAGE : COMMUNISM
        
        TO BRING COMMUNISM ONLY PEACEFUL MEANS IS REQUIRED AS CAPITALIST ELEMENT IS WEEDED OUT
        
        HENCE ANOTHER REVOLUTION IS NOT NEEDED
        
        AFTER SUCESSFUL PHASE OF SOCIALISM... DECLARATION OF COMMUNISM WILL BE DONE
        
        DECLARATION OF COMMUNISM: NOW STATE UNDER WORKER WILL MAKE DECLARATION ON ABOLISHMENT OF PRIVATE PROPERTY
        
        ONCE PRIVATE PROPERTY IS ABLOLISHED ... PROPERTY WILL BE OWNED COLLECTIVELY
        HENCE CLASS END :left_right_arrow: SO CLASS STRUGGLE ENDS: CLASSLESS SOCIETY
        
        AND ONCE CLASS STRUGGLE ENDS
        THERE WILL BE NO NEED FOR STATE..
        SO STATE WILL WITHER AWAY
        HENCE COMMUNISM IS STATELESS SOCIETY
        
        MEANS OF DISTRUBTION IS: EACH ACC. TO ITS ABILITIES TO EACH ACC. TO ITS NEEDS
        
        COMMUNSIM WILL BE A CARING SOCIETY ...
        A STATE OF PERFECT FREEDOM
        
        COMMUNISM IS ANARCHISM BUT NOT ANARCHY SO THAT TASK WHICH STATE WAS PERFORMING WILL BE EXECUTED BY SELF HELP GROUPS AND VOLUNTARY ASSOCOATIONS
      - MARX HELD IDEA, RELIGION, MONEY, DEMOCRACY , CONSTITUION ARE FALSE CONSCIOUS
  - - - SUPERSTRUCTURE
        
        ALL INSTITUTIONS COMPRISING STATE LIKE
        : FAMILY, SOCIETY, MEDIA, CHURCH FORM SUPERSTRUCTURE.....
        THESE ALL ARE CAPITALIST INSTITUTIONS....
        NOT INDEPENDENT OF BASE STRUCTURE
      - BASE STRUCTURE
        
        ACC. TO MARX SUPERSTRCTURE IS REFLECTION OF BASE STRUCTURE
        AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURE IS BASIC(BASE) STRUCTURE.. HOW?
        
        SOCIETY. MARX EARLIER HELD THAT MAN' 1ST HISTORICAL ACT WAS PRODUCTION
        
        SO FOR SATISFACTION APPETITE MAN ENTERS INTO RELATION OF PRODUCTION I.E SOCIETY
        
        SO BASIS OF SOCIETY IS PRODUCTION: SOCIETY IS DIVISON OF LABOUR
        
        FAMILY:
        
        FAMILY CAME INTO EXISTENCE TO PRESERVE PROPERTY:: THROUGH INHERITANCE
        
        SIMLARLY OTHER INSTITUTIONS
      - SO ACC. TO MARX. THE CLASS WHICH CONTROLS THE ECONOMY (BASE STRUCTURE) CONTROLS THE SUPERSTRUCTURE
        
        SO NATURE OF SUPERSTRUCTURE REMAINS SAME UNTIL THE BASE STRUCTURE REMAINS SAME
    - - RELATIONS OF PRODUCTION
        (REGARDING OWNERSHIP OF MEANS OF PRODUCTION)
        
        RELATION B/W TWO CLASSES
        
        HAVE NOT: PROLETARIET-- EXPLOITED
        
        HAVE'S :BOURGEOISE-- EXPLOITERS
        
        RELATION B/W THESE TWO CLASSES IS ALWAYS DIALECTICAL
        THUS THERE EXIST CLASS STRUGGLE
        
        ALSO MARX HELD ALL POLITICS IS POLITICS OF CLASS
        SO REAL INTEREST OF WORKER IS WITH WORKER OF WORLD...
        SO RELIGION AND NATION IS FALSE CONSCIOUSNESS
      - ACC. TO MARX HISTORY OF ALL HITHERITO EXISTING SOCIETIES HAS BEEN HISTORY OF CLASS STRUGGLE
        (SHOWN IN HISTORICAL MATERIALISM THEORY)
      - CLASS: A ECONOMIC STATUS WHICH DEPENDS UPON RELATIONSHIP OF MEANS OF PRODUCTION