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JS MILL (UTILITARIANISM (JS MILL UTI' ("IT IS BETTER A SOCTRETES…

- - - - UNDER TWO SOVERIGN MASTERS: PLEASURE AND PAIN
        
        IT FOR FOE PLEASURE AND PAI EQUATION ALONE IS ENOUGH -WHAT MAN SHALL DO
        
        ONLY THE UTILITY SHALL BE BASIS OF ETHICS.. THERE IS NO POINT ADVOCATING SUCH ETHICS WHICH A MAN IS UNABLE TO ACT
    - - PLEASURE IS ONLY QUANTITAIVE TERM
        
        NO ISSUE OF QUALITY OF PLEASURE.. NOTHING LIKE INFERIOUR OR SUPERIOUR PLEASURE
      - LIKE PLEASURE MAN DON'T HAVE QUALITY
        
        NOTHING LIKE MAN OF REASON , OR APPETITE: BENTHAM IN THIS WAY MORE DEMOCRATIC
      - PLEASURE HAS MATERIALISTIC ORIGIN:
        
        PLEASURE IS ALWAYS A INDIVIDUALISTIC EXPERIENCE
        
        ACC. TO BENTHAM STATE SHOULD TRY TO SEEK : GREATEST HAPPINESS OF GREATEST NO.
    - - IS THROUGH MINMUM INTERFREENCE IN ECONOMY(BOURGOEISE PHILOSOPHY)
        
        MIN. INTERFRENCE MEAN MORE MONEY IN MARKET- MORE GROWTH>> LESS TAXATION>> LESS TAX EVASION>> REDUCED CORRUPTION
    - - SOCIALIST CRITIQUE
        
        GREATEST HAPPINESS OF GREATEST NO. IS THE MOST DECEPTIVE PRINCIPLE
        
        AS HAPPINESS IS GIVEN PRIMACY
        
        ON THE CONTRARY : SOCIALIST WNAT EMPHASIS ON PRIMACY OF NUMBER OVER HAPPINESS
        
        THUS UTILITARIAN SUPPORTS EXTREME CAPITALISM
        
        THUS CARLYLE CALLS UTIL/PIGS PHILOSOPHY
        
        AND BENTHAM IS REFERED AS PHILOSOPHIC RADICAL: CREATING NOBLE LIE
  - - - IT IS BETTER A MAN DISASTISFIED THAN A PIG SATISFIED
    - - BUT MILL HELD THAT PLEASURE IS BOTH IN QUANTITY AND QUALITY ALSO
        
        THERE IS DIFRENCE B/W PLAESURE AND HAPPINESS :arrow_double_down:
        
        PLEASURE: MATERIALISTIC,
        GAINED BY EXPERIENCE
        SATISFACTION OF APPETITE
        
        HAPPINESS : NON- MATERIALISTIC
        GAINED BY SACRIFICE
        SATISFACTION OF SOUL
    - - MILL HELD MAN DIFFER IN QUALITY ALSO:
        LIKE SOME ARE SOCRETES AND SOME ARE PIG(MAN OF APPETITE)
    - - MILL TAKE VIEW OF PROGRESSIVE MAN: MILL HELD INITIALLY MAN WAS DOMINATED BY APPETITE BUT GRADUALLY MAN BECOME RATIONAL
    - - ACC. TO MILL "I REGARD UTILITY AS AN APPEAL ON ALL ETHICAL QUESTION BUT UTILITY IS ITS WIDEST SENSE GROUNNDED IN PERMANENT FRAMEWORK OF
        MAN AS PROGRESIVE BEING"
        UTILITY NOT LIMITED TO SENSORY ORGANS BUT SOUL ALSO
    - - SO IT IS SAID MILL IS PETER WHO DEFIED ITS MASTER
- - - - BUT MILL MODIFIED UTI. TO AN EXTENT HE DESTROYED UTI.
- - - - BECOZ OF MODERN COMPLEX SOCIETY
        :REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY IS UNAVIODABLE:
        SO MILL IS CALLED CHAMPION OF DEMOCRACY
  - - - AS MILL IS FEARFULL OF DEMOCRACY BEING INTRODUCED TO COLONIES
        
        MILL PROPOSES BENEVOLENT DESPOTISM FOR BARBARIANS
        
        ACC. TO MILL THERE ARE CERTAIN PREREQUISITES FOR INTRODUCING DEMOCRACY I.E DEMOCRATIC CULTURE
        
        ACC. TO HIM DEMOCRACY IS NOT A FREE GIFT: PEOPLE HAVE TO FOUGHT LONG STUGGLE FOR IT
        
        BUT AS MILL CLAIMS DEMOCRACY IS BEST FORM OF GOVT. BUT IF IT CAN'T BE HANDLED TO PEOPLE THAN HOW IT IS BEST
        
        IN THIS REGARD MILL VIEW COME CLOSER TO ARIS . AND MACH. : MACH SUGGEST WHERE PEOPLE ARE VIRTUOS :REPUBLIC... WHERE CORRUPT MONARCHY
      - MILL ALSO FEARFULL THAT DEMOCRACY IN WESTERN COUNTRIES SHOULD NOT TURN TO TYRANNY OR MOBOCRACY
        
        SO MILL PROPOSED REFORMS IN WESTERN DEMOCRACIES
        
        CONCEPT OF WEIGHTED VOTING: EVERY ONE TO GIVEN RIGHT TO VOTE BUT THOSE WHO ARE EDUCATED AND HAVE PROPERTY SHOULD BE GIVEN MORE THAN ONE VOTE
        
        PLURAL VOTING PERSON TO BE ALLOWED TO VOTE WHEREVER HE HAS PROPERTY
        
        PROPORTINAL REPRESENTATION: SO THAT RICH MAY NOT REDUCED TO MINORITY IN RULE ,AKING
        
        GREATER POWER TO HOUSE OF LORD
        
        OPEN BALLLOT
        
        RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF VOTE
        
        REFORMS 1 TO 4 ARE ARISTROCRATIC INNATURE
      - INCOMPARISON TO MILL NEHRU AND GANDHI ARE PASSIONATE DEMOCRATS
        
        AS JS MILL HELD THAT PEOPLE TO BE MADE FIT FOR DEMOCRACY
        
        INDIAN DEMOCRACY: PEOPLE TO BE MADE FIT THROUGH DEMOCRACY
        
        ACC. TO NEHRU IT PEOPLE CAN'T GO DEMOCRACY THAN BRING DEMOCRACY TO DOORSTEPS
- - - - FURTHER LIBERLAISM GOT DEVELOPED INTO 2 DIRECTIONS
        
        LIBERTY
        
        UTILITY: UTILITY WAS OVER POWERING LIBERTY CONCEPT
    - - LIBERTY CONDITION TO PROGRESS
      - LIBERTY NOT IN INDIVIDUAL GOOD ONLY BUT IN SOCIAL GOOD ALSO
        
        MILL HELD THAT NO STATE CAN BECOME GREAT WITH SMALL NO. OF PEOPLE. BECOZ WITH SMALL PEOPLE GREAT THINGS CAN'T BE ACHIEVED
    - - HARM PRINCIPLE
        
        ACC. TO MILL INDIVIDUAL IS SOVERIGN
        BUT ALL RESTRAINTS QUA RESTRAINTS IS EVIL
        
        MEANING SOLE BASIS OF STATE INTERVENTION IN LIBERTY OF MAN IS TO PREVENT THE HARM TO OTHERES
        
        ACTION
        
        SELF HARM: SATATE NOT TO INTERVENE
        
        HARM TO OTHERS: STATE ACTION IS ALLOWED
        
        BUT BANKER CALLS MIL AS PROPHET OF EMPTY LIBERTY
        
        BANKER A POSITIVE LIBERAL HELD THAT
        
        MILL GOES FOR ARTIFICIAL SEPERATION B/W SELF REGULATING ACTIONS AND OTHER REGARDING ACTIONS
        
        BANKER SAYS MILL HAS LEFT VERY LIMITED ROLE FOR LIBERTY: AS THERE MAY BE VERY LIMITED ACTION THAT MAY BE REGARDED AS ENTIRELY SELF REGARDING
        
        SO HE CALLS MILL IS TALIKING ABOUT ABSTRACTION NOT REAL MAN IN SOCIETY: ABSTRACT INDIVIDUALISM
        
        BUT MILL ALSO HELD THAT STATE CAN INTERVENE IN SELF HARM ACTION ARISING DUE TO IGNORANCE(CONCEPT NEAR TO POSITIVE LIBERTY)
        
        SO IT WOULDN'T BE JUSTIFIED TO HELD THAT MILL IS PROPHET OF EMPTY LIBERTY
        RATHER IF NAY ONE IS LIBERAL IS IS MILL
  - - - HE WOULD STOP AND KEEP SILENCE
    - - IT IS BENEFICIAL FOR ONE TO CORRECT HIMSELF