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Sol #3b Syntax (Phrase structure:palm_tree: (Heads and complements…
Sol #3b
Syntax
Phrase
structure:palm_tree:
Phrase
structure
trees
Bottom-up method
Recursion
The :loop:
S contains a VP which contains a CP which contains an S which contains a VP which …
Heads and complements
Head
:bulb: word whose lexical category
defines the type of phrase
:memo: The noun in an NP; the verb in a VP
Complements
:bulb: complete the meaning of the phrase
:memo: find a puppy
Phrase
structure
rules
S → NP Aux VP
NP → (Det)(AdjP+)N(PP+)
PP → P NP
VP → (AdvP+)V(NP)(AdjP)(CP)(AdvP+)(PP+)(AdvP+)
CP → C S
AdvP → (AdvP)Adv
AdjP → (AdvP)Adj(PP)
XP → XP Conj XP
Transformational rule
Structural/syntactic
dependency
:key:
Sentence relatedness
:memo: yes-no q derived from declarative sentence, they hv the same deep structure
Steps
The phrase structure rules
generate a basic structure
Aux. movement applies
to produce the derived structure
:bulb: How a type of sentence relates to other type of sentence
Kinds of syntactic
dependency
Selection ( :eye: SoL#2)
Agreement
:memo: subject verb agreement
Wh q
:memo: What will Max chase?
Will Max chase ___?
Max will chase what?
active-passive
rules
:memo: I read a book >
The book is read by me
'there' sentences
PP preposing
:hand::skin-tone-3: :left_speech_bubble: syntax
Order of signing
:memo: Basic order of Auslan: SVO
Topicalisation
is indicated by
raising the eyebrows &
tilting the head upward
Questions
r indicated by
eyebrows movement
from their neutral position
:bulb: speaker's knowledge of a :left_speech_bubble: n its structure