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FOOD & NUTRITION (DIABETES MELLITUS (Type 2 (Causes / risk factors…

- - - - Pancreas abused through diet and lifestyle
      - Pancreas stops producing insulin or insulin becomes ineffective
    - - Medication may be needed in conjunction with lifestyle changes
      - 60% of kJ intake must come from complex carbohydrates
        
        Take longer to break down into simple sugars
        
        Reduce protein intake to avoid saturated fats
      - 3g of fibre per 100kJ shouled be eaten
        
        Fibre improves carbohydrate metabolism
      - Eat small frequent meals throughout the day
      - Exercise regularly
        
        Improves blood-glucose control
        
        Aids in effective insulin use
        
        Vital for weightloss
    - - Strong genetic link
      - High fat and sugar diets
      - High blood pressure
      - High blood triglyceride (fat) level
      - Obesity
      - heavy alcohol consumption
      - Smoking
      - Gestational diabtetes
      - Stress
      - Other illness
    - - Frequent urination
      - Sudden weight loss
      - Wounds do not heal
      - Always hungry
      - Sexual problems
      - Blurry vision
      - Vaginal infections
      - Numb / tingling limbs
      - Always thirsty
  - - - Loss of eyesight
      - Heart and blood flow disease
      - Gangrene and ulcers
      - Loss of resistance to skin, kidney and other infections
- - - - Manufacturing of Vitamin D, hormones and skin oils
    - - Waxy substance turns into plaque which sticks to the walls of the veins and arteries
        
        Restricting blood flow
    - - HDL
      - Takes excess cholesterol back to liver
    - - Found in the arteries
    - - High saturated fat intake
      - Genetics
      - Under active thyroid gland
      - Chronic kidney failure
      - Alcohol abuse
    - - Decrease trans and saturated fat intake
      - Decrease consumption of animal products
      - Eat a balanced diet
      - Eat starch as meal basis
      - Avoid salt
      - Avoid frying
      - Exercise regularly
      - Avoid stress
      - Do not smoke
  - - - Lack of blood supply to the heart
    - - Lack of blood to the brain
    - - Lack of blood flow to any part of the body
        
        Tissue will be starved of oxygenated blood and die/rot
  - - - High cholesterol
      - High blood pressure
      - Obesity
      - Diabetes
      - Poor diet
      - Lack of exercise
      - Alcohol consumption
      - Smoking
      - Stress
    - - Family history
      - Age
      - Gender
      - Ethnic group
  - - - HDL: >1,0 mmol/l
      - Triglycerides: <1,7 mmol/l
    - - LDL: <3,0 mmol/l
      - HDL: >1,2 mmol/l
- - - - Wholewheat products
      - Raw fruit and vegetables
- - - - Treated by eating or drinking glucose-rich foods
      - Untreated
        
        Leads to confusion, clumsiness or fainting
    - - Seizures, comas and death
    - - Sweating
      - Trembling
      - Dizziness
      - Mood swings
      - Hunger
      - Headaches
      - Blurred vision
      - Fatigue
      - Paleness
  - - - Result of eating too much high GI foods
    - - Dry mouth
      - Extreme thirst
      - Frequent urination
      - Drowsiness
      - Frequent bed wetting
      - Stomach pain
- - - - Walls become thick and stiff