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Impacts on Tourism (Social/Cultural impacts (Positive Cultural/Social…

- - - - Local residents
      - Infrastructure
      - Economic systems
      - Natural resources
  - - - Non-material customs
        Example: dance, folklore, and traditions
      - Material customs
        Example: crafts and products
      - Agriculture
    - - Individuals and social relations
      - Linguistic/dialect issues
      - Health issues
      - Religious practice
      - Morals/standards
  - - - Members of host community adopt the beliefs and behaviours of another group
      - Tends to manifest itself gradually
      - Cultural changes may result from tourism. Like westernization
    - - Lower-income communities, may view foreign tourists as ‘wealthy’ and in possession of ‘all good things in life’.
      - Imitate actions and aspire to ownership of a particular set of goods.
      - Envy and resentment from locals
      - Youths will most likely move to the city to seek jobs created by the tourism industry instead of doing traditional work
    - - Various instances of local people being moved away from their place of residence to make way for tourism development
      - Spatial displacement
- - - - Limit on the actual number of users in a region
      - Depends on physical resources
    - - Accommodate before visitors perceive a decline in the desirability of the area
      - Subjectively defined and varies depending on season
    - - Maximum level of users that an area can accommodate before ecological damage is incurred
      - Depending on the type of use made of the area
  - - - Take an holistic approach to planning and strategy
      - Protect the biodiversity and man-made heritage
      - 3Preserve the essential ecological process
      - Facilitate and engage public participation
      - Ensure that productivity can be sustained into the long-term future
      - Provide for a better level of fairness and opportunity between different countries
- - - - GDP
        
        Wages and salaries
        
        Interest
        
        Rent
        
        Profit
      - Economic contributions
        
        Number of tourists
        
        Length of stay
        
        Average expenditure (tourism receipts)
    - - Direct - Visitor expenditure and directly supporting tourism activity
      - Indirect - not as a direct result of tourism activity
    - - Re-spent by recipients, augmenting the total
      - Value of the tourist’s spending is increased in the process
      - Multiplier = 1 ÷ Proportion of leakages
        
        High Multiplier effect.
        Consequences: multiplier will be low and the economy will not benefit greatly from tourism
        
        Why leakage?
        
        Money spend on importing goods & services to meet needs of tourist
        
        Government tax
        
        Remittance of wages by expatriates
        
        Remittance of profits abroad for foreign owned tourism supplier
    - - Economic diversity -
        Provides wide variety of job possibilities
      - Economic incentive to improve infrastructure
      - Opportunity to be entrepreneurial and start small tourism business
  - - - Heavy reliance on a single industry for a country/region is risky in the long-term :star:
      - Most common and influential types of crises
        
        International war or conflict
        
        Acts of terrorism
        
        Crime wave, especially against tourists
        
        Natural disaster
        
        Epidemics of diseases
    - - High season brings about good revenue from tourism
        
        Example 1: Some hotels and attractions close during the off-peak season
        
        Example 2: Employees at a theme park may only have jobs during the summer season
    - - Relates to the time, effort and money of developing tourism at the expense of other activities
      - Money used for tourism development will not be available for other uses
    - - Many of the higher-paid jobs are not available to local residents
      - May not benefit the poor in society as tourism spending is leaked out of the destination
    - - Relates to land, property and goods
      - Increased demand for land increases price
      - Negative effects on the local population
      - Locals are then forced into competing for land and housing with tourism development interests
- - - - Predicting the future
      - Setting objectives to attain future outcomes
      - Outlining and implementing the actions needed to attain these objectives
  - - - Revenues are boosted by taxing the goods and services that visitors buy
      - By taxing visitors, a portion of the tax burden is shifted from local residents to tourists
      - Influencing the governments to make favorable decisions on land use for tourism facilities, or on visa-related matters
      - Political tugs of war may arise over decisions concerning tourism development