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Pulmonary
Tuberculosis (Etiology (• Primary pulmonary TB:
Initial TB…
Pulmonary
Tuberculosis
Etiology
• Primary pulmonary TB:
- Initial TB infection
- Ghon focus formation in upper lobes
- Hilar lymphadenopathy
• Secondary pulmonary TB:
- Occurs after primary infection
- Dormant TB is reactivated
- Fibrocaseous lesions
• Other forms of TB:
- Miliary
- Genitourinary
- Bone, e.g. Pott’s disease of the spine
Peritoneal
- Meningitis
What is TB ?
TB is a granulomatous disease that may affect
any organ, but most commonly affects the
lungs since it is transmitted via aerosol droplets.
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Investigation
• Sputum culture: Ogawa/Löwenstein–Jensen medium.
• Sputum stain: Ziehl–Neelsen stain.
• Transbronchial biopsy: granulomas are diagnostic.
• Pleural fluid analysis and biopsy.
• Radiology: X-ray for infiltrates and
cavitations. Lesions described as millet seeds
in miliary TB.
Managment
Conservative:
patient education, especially the importance
of complying with medical therapy.
Medical
Remember RIPE:
Rifampicin.
Isoniazid.
Pyrazinamide.
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