Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

LAW (IRAC) (Judicial Heirarchy (Decision by judges should be consistent,…

- - - - RATIO DECIDENDI - are the judges reasons for the decision and form the binding part of the precedent.
      - OBITER DICTA - are the 'sayings by the way' judges additional commentary and or only persuasive not binding.
  - - - Additional to these courts are:
        
        FED Circuit : Relieves FED court: Bankruptcy, migration, divorces
        
        Family Court: High importance - High formaility, Judges, matters incl. Violence, Parental mental health, Child abuse etc.
        
        Federal Court : White collar/High importance : Trade/ TAX Civil Matters
        
        Law can be divided into
        
        CRIMINAL - Are brought to court b the Director of public prosecutions against alleged offenders and must be proven beyond reasonable doubt.
        
        A standard of proof that must be surpassed to convict an accused in a criminal proceeding.
        Reasonable doubt is a standard of proof used in criminal trials. When a criminal defendant is prosecuted, the prosecutor must prove the defendant's guilt Beyond a Reasonable Doubt. If the jury—or the judge in a bench trial—has a reasonable doubt as to the defendant's guilt, the jury or judge should pronounce the defendant not guilty. Conversely, if the jurors or judge have no doubt as to the defendant's guilt, or if their only doubts are unreasonable doubts, then the prosecutor has proven the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt and the defendant should be pronounced guilty.
        
        CIVIL