Social Psychology
Research Kind: Correlational and Experimental
Bystandard Effect
In 1964, Kitty Genovese
Explanation
smoke might begin to slowly fill the room from a vent (help/action 75% when alone; 50% when with someone)
deindividuation: a process in which individuals feel anonymous and lose a sense of personal responsibility
people looked to others for cues about how to behave
Social Cognition
Person Perseption
First impression (<1sec)
Physical attractiveness
Romantic interest, sexual orientation, propensity for violence
Face
Attribution:
infants as young as 3 to 6 months of age showed a preference for looking at attractive faces
“Averageness” (along with symmetry and youthfulness) is a key aspect of facial attractiveness.
“beautiful is good” stereotype.
Stereotype
self-fulfilling prophecy
“late bloomers” experiment
positive expectations can influence subsequent behavior
we treat them differently from others.
Negative stereotype + self-fulfilling prophecy
Stereotype threat
Internal and external causes
Stable and unstable causes: Is the cause relatively enduring and permanent, or is it temporary
Controllable and uncontrollable causes
fundamental attribution error.
Westurn vs collectivist culture
HEURISTICS IN SOCIAL INFORMATION PROCESSING
Self-serving bias
lead to errors
helpful tools for navigating the complex social landscape
Stereotypes
The false consensus effect : ourselves as heuristics
The Self
self-esteem
High Self-Esteem - positive illusions
Social comparison
Attitudes
Attitude on Behaviror
Strong attitude
Vested interest
practiced/rehearsed attitude
Behavior influence attitude
cognitive dissonance theory
self-perception theory (how behavior influences attitudes}
Reduce Dissonance by:
change our behavior to fit our attitudes
change our attitudes to fit our behavior
Effort justification
Persuasion
foot-in-the-door technique
door-in-the-face technique
The elaboration likelihood model
a central route
a peripheral route
Reisting persuasion
inoculation