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Input and Output Devices (By: (:checkered_flag:Christopher :checkered_flag…
Input and Output Devices
Input Devices
Hardware devices that allow data to be input into a computer
Manual Input Devices
Are devices that require human interactions
Keyboards
One of the most commonly used manual input device
Are used to input:
-Texts
-Numbers
-Instructions
Special keyboards called 'Ergonomic Keyboards'
Use a QWERTY key layout
Uses
Input data into applications
Enter commands into the computer
Pointing Devices
Hardware that are used to control a pointer on a screen
Used with Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating systems
Pointers are used to input commands by selecting icons
3 Main Types
Mouse
Touchpad
Trackerball
Remote Control
Uses
Remote Controls are used to control devices using infra-red signals
Buttons on the remote control can be used to perform functions such as
changing the channel on a tv
Increasing/Decreasing the volume on a music player
selecting a different chapter on a DVD player
For home entertainment systems
Hi-Fi Systems
DVD/Blu Ray Players
Satellite Systems
Some overhead projectors
Touch Screen
Uses
Allows user to input commands into a computer by pressing or touching buttons/icons on the screen
Removes the need to use a mouse
In mobile phones as a way of saving space
Scanner
Used to enter information on paper into a computer
Reflects light off the hard copy in order to capture an analogue image of the document. It then converts the received analogue data into a digital format
Once the hard copy has been converted to digital data, it can be stored on a computer and manipulated using Graphics Editing Software
Uses
To scan hard copies / printed documents into a computer
Other Manual Input Devices
Numeric Keypad
Joystick
Graphic Tablet
Light Pen
Microphone
Digital Camera
Web Camera
Direct Input Devices
Are devices that require little to no human interaction
Magnetic Stripe Reader
Reads information from various devices that require direct input such as bank cards, membership cards, hotel door cards, etc
The strip on the cards holds information such as:
Name of card holder
Expiry date of membership, etc
Bank account number
Data contained on the card's stripe is read by pulling the card through the magnetic stripe reader (this is known as 'swiping')
Uses
EFTPOS ( Electronic Funds Transfer Point Of Sale ) use the readers to transfer customer's money from their bank accounts when they purchase goods in stores
ATM's use these readers to process the information on bank cards.
Hotel rooms sometimes use magnetic stripe readers in place of door keys
The magnetic stripe readers then sends data from the card to the computer for processing
Chip and Pin Reader
These allow people to pay for goods and services electronically at EFTPOS terminals
If the correct pin is entered, the cost of goods / services will be taken from the card holder's bank and transferred to the companies ( restaurant, stores, etc)
The chip and pin reader works by inserting a bank / credit card into a slot and then entering a PIN. (personal identification number)
Uses
Used to make secure payments for goods/services in places such as
Supermarkets
Buying petrol
Restaurants, etc
Barcode/Scanner Reader
Used to read information used on products' barcodes
Handheld scanners are also commonly used to read bar codes (usually if the item is too heavy or large to scan normally)
The barcode is present on products and holds information about each product including :
Manufacturer
Country of Origin
Product IT Number
The barcode scanner reads the information stored on the barcode using a visible red light which is reflected and translated into digital information
Uses
Used in stores like supermarkets and warehouses where products with barcodes are usually scanned
Used in libraries to scan their ISBN codes to see which ones are being loaned
Used in keeping track of packages that are being delivered
Used to organize luggage in airports
Once a barcode has been scanned, a computer can read the information stored on the barcode and access details about the product that are stored in the database
Optical Mark Reader
System which automatically reads marks made in pen or pencil
Used to read multiple choice examinations where students shade in answers that they think are correct
Shines a light onto the form and less light is reflected where a pencil mark has been made
Allows the reader to tell which options have been chosen and sends the results back to a computer
Can input the data held on forms (such as multiple choice exams) very fast
Uses
Used to read the shaded areas on documents such as:
Multiple choice examination
Multiple choice questionnaires
Lottery tickets
Optical Character Reader
Consist of a scanner along with special software
Allow us to scan text on paper (hardcopy) into a computer
Once into the computer , OCR software converts the scanned text into a digital format
Once converted to digital, the text can be used in programs such as word-processors, presentations, web sites etc
Uses
Used in the processing of Passports and Identity Cards
Used in the process of digitizing books
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
a system which can read information printed in a special ink (contains iron particles)
The special ink is used to write customer account numbers on the bottom of cheques
Reads the account numbers then converts it to a form the computer can understand
The converted information is then sent to the computer so the cheque can be processed
Uses
Used to process cheques
Some countries also use MICR devices to read the passport number on passports
Sensors
A device which automatically inputs data into a computer system, where the data is constantly changing and can be measured
Used to detect data in the surrounding environment that constantly changes. Examples:
Temperature - measuring heat in a room
Light - setting off burglar alarm
Humidity - detecting when plants become too dry
Information is 'physical' and 'analogue'
Computers don't understand analogue data and therefore it needs to be converted to digital
Examples
Temperature
Automatic washing machines, central heating systems, automatic greenhouses, cookers
Pressure
Burglar alarm system, Washing machine, Robotics, Environmental monitoring
Light
Automatic greenhouses, Automatic doors, burglar alarm systems, street light controling
Sound
Burglar alarm system, voice recognition systems (like using a voice command to start a car
Humidity/Moisture
Automatic greenhouses, environmental monitoring, agriculture, factories that manufacture items that can be ruined or damaged by too much air moisture (microchips,etc)
pH
Automatic greenhouses, chemical manufacturing, environmental monitoring aquariums (wrong pH can kill fish)
Uses
Used for monitoring and control applications
When monitoring, the data is sent directly to some sort of a computer and is then processed and used
Can be used for a wide range of data collection and everyday applications
Output Devices
Output Devices are hardware devices that allow information to be sent out of a computer system
Temporary Output Devices
Information, image or data is only displayed for a temporary period of time
TFT Monitors
TFT stands for thin film resistor
These are thin flat screened monitors that are commonly seen today
as they become cheaper,these have taken over CRT monitors as the most popular computer screens
TFT's are used with newer desktop PC's, laptops and mobile phones
Uses
Allows user to instantly see outputs from the computer
Used as screens in laptops and also mobile phones
Speakers
Many uses of computer require the user to listen to different types of sound. Examples:
Listening to music albums
Watching a movie
Browsing videos on Youtube
Multimedia encyclopedias
Connected directly to a computer or are built into the monitor or casing
Are analogue and cannot output digital 'computerised' sounds.
Digital data from computer must first be converted into analogue sound using sound card
Uses
To output sound from multimedia presentations
Used in home entertainment
To play downloaded music files
CRT Monitors
CRT stand for "Cathode Ray Tube"
CRT Monitors are old, bulky, heavy monitors that are still used today
These are less expensive monitors as TFT Monitors are replacing them
Uses
CRT Monitors allow users to directly see outputs from the computers
CRT's are used with light pens to allow drawings to be created on screen
Multimedia Projector
Projects whatever appears on a computer monitor onto a very large screen
Usually controlled using a remote control
The remote control makes it possible to direct the presentations without the need to be at the computer
Usually hung on the ceiling of a room
Uses
For training presentations to allow the whole audience to see images from a single computer
For large scale advertising of new products
For home cinema systems
Permanent Output Devices
Information, images or data is shown in hard copies and are permanent
Inkjet Printer
Inkjet printers are used to produce high quality hard copies
Although the quality of inkjet printouts is not as good as laser printers, it is far better than dot matrix printers
The ink of the inkjet printer is stored in and delivered to the paper via ink cartridge
Inkjet printer's can print in both black and white and in color
Inkjet printer's have a small amount of internal memory(RAM) to store print jobs so printing is done a bit at a time
Uses
Ideal for single-page, very high quality printing (photo quality images)
Often used to print photographs
Good where few printouts are needed (low volume)
Dot Matrix Printer
Often called 'impact printer' where pins are pressed against an inked ribbon which produces an imprint on paper
Very slow, noisy and produce poor quality outputs
Useful where 'Continuous Paper' needs to be used
When the ribbon hits the paper a printed dot is left behind
Dots can be arranged to form basic text and images
Used in environments where print speed and noise is not an issue
Uses
Very robust and can be used in noisy and dirty environments
Can make 'Carbon Copies' of a document using special 'Carbon Paper' underneath the normal printer paper
Plotter
Types
Drum
Flatbed
Produces hard copies and capable of printing on very large pieces of paper
Very high printing quality
Produce very large and accurate documents such as blueprints for buildings
Draw images on the pages using colored pens which are moved around the paper by a computer
Uses
Produce large, accurate drawings
Blueprints of buildings
Maps
Giant posters and adverts
Pens can be replaced with cutting tools to produce large signs
Laser Printers
Laser Printers produce high quality hard copy output on paper
Laser printers can print large amounts of pages at a very quick rate
You can buy both black and white and color laser printers
Laser printers toner pressed on a page to produce printed documents
They use buffer memory which stores the information for the whole document before the pages an be printed out
Uses
Good at producing high quality printouts very fast
Good for environments where high volume of printing is required(lots of printouts)
Very useful for printing where noise levels need to be kept low(like an office where people need to concentrate or use their telephones, etc)
This is because they have low printing cost per page
Control Devices
Control Devices are output devices that work in conjunction with sensor input devices and commands from computers in order to control a process
Data gathered by a sensor is input to a computer which then decides what to do with the data (process it)
Once the computer has decided what to do with the data, it then sends instructions to the control device
Control Devices are output devices which work together with sensor
The control device then physically changes something in response to commands received from the computer
Example:
PROCESS - this data is sent to a small computer inside a security light
OUTPUT - the actuator switches on the security light
INPUT - a burglar breaks the infra-red light sensor on a security system
The computer sends instructions to an actuator telling it to switch on the security light
Actuators
Actuators take instructions from computer and then make the physical part of the process happen
Think of actuators as a kind of muscle
We cannot move our hands without using our muscles in much the same way as a light in a control device cannot turn on without an actuator
Actuators can also physically operate devices such as motors, pumps, switches and valves
Motor
HouseHold
Automatic Washing machine (to make drum spin)
DVD player(to make disk spins)
Air conditioner(to make fans spins)
Industry
Controlling robot arms
Computer System
Spinning disk in hard disk drivers
Spinning cooling fans
Buzzer
Microwave Ovens
to signal that the food is cooked
Alarm Systems
Loud siren to warn of intruders
:
Heater
Washing Machines
to keep water the correct temperature
Automatic Greenhouse
ensure air is correct temperature for plants
Central Heating Systems
to keep rooms at correct temperature
Light/Lamp
Security Light
Automatic Greenhouse
to give plants correct amount of light
By:
:checkered_flag:Christopher :checkered_flag:
:explode:Dhanindra:explode:
:fire: Ralphael :fire:
:star:Leader: Abel:star:
Group name:
CHRISMAGU
Data can be input into a computer system both manually and directly
