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PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT (NEHRUVIAN APPROACH (2ND FYP BASED ON NEHRU…

- - - - PRIME OBJECTIVE SHOULD BE FOOD SECURITY
        
        SO LAND REFORMS
        
        RURAL CREDIT
        
        AUXILARY BUSINESS LIKE DAIRY FARMING
        
        ORG. OF ARGICULTURE ON COOPERATIVE LINES
    - - SO REHABILITATION OF OF COTTAGE INDUSTRY LIKE KHADI
    - - IT IS A MYTH THAT GANDHI WAS AGAINST INDUSTRIALIZATION
      - GANDHI WAS SUPPORTER OF BASIC INDUSTRIES() OPPOSED BRITISH MODEL OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
        
        ACC. TO GANDHI MACHINE SHOULD NOT NOT REPLACE HUMAN
        
        SO GANDHI SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT ORIENTED PLANING RATHER PRODUCTION ORIENTED
        
        SO GANDHI SUPPORTED SMALL SCALE DECENTRALIZED PRODUCTION
        
        WHICH WILL CUT ROOTS OF ACCUMULATION OF WEALTH
        
        IT IS THIS ACCUMULATION OF WEALTH IS ROOT CAUSE OF INEQUALITIES
      - SO GANDHI AIMS TO INTEGRATE
        
        EMPLOYMENT
        
        AGRICULTURE
        
        INDUSTRY
        
        PRODUCTION
    - - DUE TO THIS GAP B/W INDIA AND BHARAT INCREASED SO MUCH SO THAT IT HAS RESULTED INTO PROBLEMS LIKE LEFT WING EXTREMISM
- - - - BUT IT LED TO BLACK MARKETING AND CORRUPTION
    - - BUT IT UNCOMPETITIVE EXPORTS LEADING TO BOP CRISIS
  - - - LED TO QUOTA- LICENSE-INSPECTOR RAJ
      - STRENGTHENED BUREAUCRACY ON COST OF ORDINARY MAN
      - INDIA GOODS LACKED COMPETITIVENESS: LED TO BOP CRISIS BECOZ TO INDIA EXPORTS WERE NOT MOVING IN
      - ULTIMATELY INDIA HAS TO SHIFT ITS ECONOMIC MODEL TO LPG REFORMS
        
        INDIA USED TO BE KNOWN AS "CAGED TIGER" EVEN AFTER CAGE HAS BEEN BROKEN THE SPEED TO TIGER WAS EXPECTED .
        
        THIS IS BECOZ OF NEHRU'S LEGACY
- - - - INDIA DESPITE A COUNTRY WITH LIBERAL VALUES GONE FOR CENTRALIZED PLANNING MODEL OF FORMER USSR
      - ALSO CENTRALIZED PLANNING IS AGAINST THE FEDERALISM
    - - WHICH SOUGHT TO PROMOTE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND BALANCED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
  - - - OVER EMPLOYMENT
      - RED TAPISM
      - EXCESSIVE EXPENDITURE: FISCAL DEFICIT
      - POOR WORK CULTURE
      - UNCOMPETITVE GOODS
  - - - WHEREAS CHINA CHANGED THE STRATEGY FROM MID 70'S AND TODAY WORTH 4 TIMES THAN INDIAN GDP
    - - BUT HAD INDIA NOT SUFFERED SUCH CRISIS CENTRALIZED ECONOMIC MODEL WOULD HAVE CONTINUED
- - - - SUGGEST THAT REFORMS DID WELL IN MANY FIELDS BUT NOT SO WELL IN SOME AREAS
        
        POVERTY INCREASED IN INITIAL YEARS OF REFORMS
        FROM 44.5% IN 1983 TO 45.3% IN 1994(LAKDAWALA COMITEE) :arrow_double_down:
        ITERMEDIATE TIME AFTER POST REFORM:
        FROM 45.3% TO 37.2% (TENDULKAR COMITEE
        :arrow_double_down:
        LATER PERIOD 2009-12 POVERTY DECEASED AT MUCH FASTER PACE FROM 37.2 TO 21.9% (RANGARAJAN COMITEE) IT IS FOR FIRST TIME ABSOLUTE POVERTY DECREASED BY 140 MILLIONS
      - IF WE WANT TO DECREASE POVERTY TO MARGINAL LEVEL THAN INDIA MUST HAVE 8% GROWTH ATLEAST FOR 2O YEARS
      - HOWEVER HE HIGHLIGHTS GOVT.'S FAILURE TO IN REDUCING POVERTY IN TERMS OF EXPENDITURE AND CONSUMPTION
        
        THERE IS ALSO A FAILURE TO DELIVER BASIC SERVICES: EDUCATION, HEALTH, CLEAN DRINKING WATER ETC
        
        THERE CAN'T BE SUSTAINED ECONOMIC GROWTH W/O THIS CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE(HUMAN RESOURCE)
        
        BIGGEST UN HAPPINESS IS DUE TO FAILURE TO CREATE EMPLOYEMNT(JOBLESS GROWTH)
        
        INDIA ENTERED IN MIDDLE LEVEL COUNTRY & IF IT DOESN'T TAKE ADEQUATE REFORMS FURTHER THAN MAY REMAIN IN MIDDLE INCOME TRAP