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LING 1: Lesson 5-7 (Language Acquisition (Stages of Acquisition…

- - - - Isolated words: Nouns, actions, mood, social words
    - - form micro-sents/phrases
    - - random sounds eventually focusing in on language
    - - Used in closer succession
      - Characteristics: omissions, irregular, regular syntax, wrong pro.
    - - Head turn experiments => prove lang abilities of non-speaking babies
  - - - No instruction needed
      - Constrained by UG
      - Analogy (sentence frames) doesn't work!
    - - Rules are structural + systematic
      - Words learned based on morphological principles
  - - - Interference: Old language getting in the way of new
      - Overgeneralization: Taking new language rules + stretching them too far
- - - - Word order + endings can change (hierarchy + grammatical categories cannot)
      - Sounds and vowels can change (duality + sound grouping + organs cannot)
      - Vocabulary can change (pt of speech + meaning principles cannot)
  - - - Look at shared basic vocab + morphology
      - Don't look at cultural vocab, geography, physical similarity
      - Comparative Method
        
        Find sound correspondences btw cognates
        
        Only scientific way to prove scientific relation
      - Mass Comparison
        
        Compare lots of basic vocabulary
        
        Linguists are skeptical of this method
    - - Nostratic Hypothesis + Proto-World Hypothesis are farthest back
      - Farther back => more obscure relationship => hypothesis are viewed skeptically
- - - - Direct probes
      - PET + MfRI scans
      - EEG's
    - - Tachistoscopic Presentation - Split brain patients process images differently
      - Dichotic Listening - Right-ear speech advantage vs. Left-ear sound advantage
      - Shadowing + Tapping - Brain inverted
    - - Lexical Decision Tasks (LDT): patients prime for words rather than sounds
      - Event Response Potential (ERP)
        
        N400: Language
        
        P560: Appearance
        
        P300: Music
      - Shows language is SPECIALIZED in brain
    - - Broca's aphasia - can't speak coherently/grammaticaly
      - Wernicke's Aphasia - Speech is nonsense
    - - Structure of Lang. not tied to mode of production
      - Compare to spoken language
        
        Shared structural properties: Duality, morphology, syntax
        
        Processed in the same areas of brain