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MODAL
EXPRESSIONS (PERMISSION
Can, Could, May, Do you mind
Usually goes…
MODAL
EXPRESSIONS
PERMISSION
Can, Could, May, Do you mind
Usually goes with please.
Present or Future
MAY
Is much more formal and polite
than can and could
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REQUEST
Can, Could, Will, Would, Wold you mind
Present or Future
Can, Could, Will, Would
To ask someone to do something
- Could & Would are more polite
than Can & Will
- Use Please to make the request more
Would you mind
Would you mind + Gerund (verb+ing)
To Make polite request, more polite than could and would
ANSWERS
- Affirmative
Usually use expression such are *Sure, Certainly, Of course & No problem.
- Negative
Usually apologize and give an explanation.
ADVICE
Should, Ought to, Had better
Present or Future
Should & Ought to
Something is advisable (a good Idea)
- Should is more common than ought to.
- Neg form: Shouldn't
- Often the advice can be more soft by using Maybe, perhaps, I think
Had Better
Strong advice
- Neg form Had Better Not
- Always to present or future, NEVER past.
Should for questions
Can use should in short answers, but people often use other expressions.
NECESSITY
Have to, Have got to, Must
HAVE GOT TO
Present or Future
- You can use it in informal way
MUST
Present or Future
- Formal Writing or when people talk about laws and regulations
- Is much stronger than have to, usually only people with power use it
HAVE TO
All verbs form
Neg form: Don't have to
- Is the most common expression.
- Used for questions
- the neg. form is to show that something is not necessary. There is a choice.
ABILITY
Can, Could, Be able to
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PROHIBITION
Must not, Can't
MUST NOT
Present or Future
- To show that something is against the rules. There is NO choice
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