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Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (4.Subcellular Organisation (Axones,…
Cellular and Molecular
Neuroscience
3.Cellular components
Neurons
types
Inhibitory
Local
GABAergic
basket
Chandelier
double bouquet
Distant
Purkinje
in cerebellum
molecular layer
Purkinje cells
granular layer
Medium spiny cells
in striatum
Excitatory
Local
Stellate
restricted arbor = high resolution
radial axons
glutamatergic
Distant
Pyramidal
glutamatergic
Spinal alpha-motor neurons
AcH-ergic
Neuromodulatory
Synapse
Gray's
type 1
Inhibitory
symmetric
random shaped vesicules
on soma or dendrites
type 2
Excitatory
Asimmetric
Round vesicles
on spines
abot 40% of surface
0.5-2 (up to 6) mkm length
lenear density is 1-10 spines per mkm
cleft thickness is about 20nm
macular
macule - synaptic surface, is about 1mkm diametr
perforated
Glia
Olygodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Epemdyma
Vasculature
Blood-Brain Barrier
Function - maintain milieu
Blood
Endothelium
Basal membrain (30nm)
Astrocytes and pericytes
differences from other part of the organism
Main difference - interendothelial tight junctions
Not static but active gates
Protein - occludin
low transcytotic activity
transporters
glucose transporter isoform 1 (GLUT-1)
Regional patterns
4th layer of V1 is rich
Grey matter vasculature > white m. vas.
4.Subcellular Organisation
Axones
Dendrites
Protein synthesis
Cytosceleton
Molecular Motors
Electronic properties
Potential
Membrane
Action
Neurotransmitters
Classical
Nonclassical
Release
STP
Receptors
Intracellular signaling
Postsinaptic potential
Information processing in dendrites
Energy metabolism