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Thinking, Language, & Intellegence (Intellegence (Spearman)…
Thinking, Language, & Intellegence
Computional theory of mind
Manipulate information to solve problems
Cognition: Encompasses all mental activities
Thinking: Manipulation of information to problem solve, etc.
Components
Mental Images
Types of thoughts seen as pictures
Concepts
Tied to Language, mental categories that we can place things that share certain characteristics and qualities in common
Kahreman: Dual Processing Theory
Stage I: Automatic rapid-involuntary, very little energy, fight or flight, use first
Stage II:
Pay attention to solve problmes
Problem Solving
Trial and Error
Heuristic
Avaliability
Bias driving people using mental information that's most easily accessible
Representativeness
Matching people to a prototype
Fixation
Stuck in a specific way of mentally representing a problem
Algorithm
Insight
Aha moment
Creativity
Complex set of behaviors that include
Originality: Thinking outside the box
Utility
Output useful & valuable
Flexibility
Open to new ideas
Bias & Decision Making
Cognitive Bias
Systematic violation of principles of decision-making, judgement or theory
Confirmation bias
Pay more attention to evidence we already believe in
Belief persistence
Belief in spite of evidence
Language
System of expression built upon symbols
Properties
Generativity
Allows speaker to use relatively small number of words and grammatical structures to compose an infinite number of sentences and new ideas
Recursion
Adding information with more words
Displacement
Use words to talk in abstract
Phoneme: Basic unit of sound (There are 40)
Morphemes: Make sense
Grammatical Expressions
Birth: crying
2 months: cooing
6 months: Babble
12 months: 1st words
18 months: 2 words
Intellegence (Spearman)
Practical (Street Smarts)
Efficient solutions to everyday problems
General "G" (Book Smarts)
Capacity to process complex information
Intelligence Quotient
Best test for G
Unbiased for academic performance
Biased for innate
Determines Cognative Ability
Genes & Enviroment
50 on Genes & 50 on environment
As one gets older, more importance of genes