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Learning (Pretty much permanent change in behavior as a result of specific…

- - - - I got used to it
        
        Stimulus leads to decrease in response in organism as a result of exposure
    - - Stimulus increases response over time
        
        Pain research
  - - - Involuntary learning
        
        Generalization: Similar Stimui causes CR
        
        Discrimination: Only one stimuli causes CR
        
        Extinction: Break connection between Conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus
        
        Passive
        
        Shaping by successive approximation
        
        Conditioning is broken into individual chaining steps
      - Pavlov
    - - Voluntary learning
        
        Observational
      - Throndike
        
        Law of Effect
        
        Any behavior that is followed by a pleasant consequence is likely to be repeated
        
        Any behavior that is followed by a negative consequence is likely to be stamped out
        
        Skinner
        
        Consequences of behavior affect probability that behavior will be repeated
      - Active Process shaped by organisms on behavior
        
        Reinforcement (increase behavior)
        
        Positive Reinforcement: Behavior reinforced through addition of something that makes it more likely behavior will be repeated
        
        Good thing Added
        
        Negative Reinforcement: Behavior reinforced through removal of something unpleasant
        
        Bad thing Removed
        
        Punishment (decreases behavior)
        
        Positive Punishment: Unpleasant added
        
        Negative Punishment: Reward Removed
      - Reinforcement schedules
        
        Continuous reinforcement: learn quick
        
        Behavior reinforced every time it occurs
        
        Partial reinforcement: hard to extinguish
        
        Behavior reinforced periodically over long time
        
        Partial reinforcement schedule
        
        Fixed ratio:
        
        Can also be continuous ratio
        
        Reinforce after specific number of operant responses
        
        Quick learn/quick loss
        
        Variable Ratio
        
        Reinforce after random # of operant responses
        
        Slow learn/hard to extinguish
        
        Slot machine
        
        Fixed interval
        
        Amount of time passing is same
        
        Variable interval
        
        Amount of time passing is unpredictable
        
        Boss checking in you at work
    - - Learning through observation of others
        
        Modeling
        
        Learning through imitation of behaviors of individuals you admire
        
        Vicarious
        
        Learning by observing reward or punish consequences of other people's behavior