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Impact of British Rule on Agriculture (Problems (Negligible use of…
Impact of British Rule on Agriculture
Economy
Under the British rule, economy was fundamentally agrarian.
85% of population lived mostly in villages and derived livelihood directly of indirectly from agriculture.
Productivity and Production
The sector experienced some growth due to the expansion of the aggregate area under cultivation.
This stagnation in the agriculture sector was caused mainly because of the various systems of land settlements that were introduced.
Agricultural productivity became low.
Land Settlements
Zamindari System
Land owned by the zamindar
Revenue Settlement: Dates for depositing specified sums of revenue were fixed, failing to which the zamindars would lose their lands.
Under this, the profit made out of agriculture went to the zamindars instead of the cultivators.
Ryotwari System
Land owned by the peasants.
Mahalwari System
Land owned by a community/a group of people.
Commercialisation of Agriculture
Cash crops like sugarcane, cotton, jute and oilseeds were grown.
A small section of farmers changed their cropping pattern from food crops to commercial crops.
Problems
Negligible use of fertilisers.
Low levels of technology.
Lack of irrigation facilities.
Farmers did not have incentive to invest in agriculture.
A considerable number of zamindars and not just the British government did nothing to improve the condition of agriculture.