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CHEM (TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS (Synthesis (A + B = AB
Element +…
CHEM
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NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS
Neutralization
A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and salt.
ACID + BASE = SALT + WATER
Precipitate:
A suspension of small, solid particles formed during a chemical reaction.
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NAMING BINARY ACIDS
• Always contains H plus a non-metal – IN THAT ORDER
First element, or hydrogen part of the name; “hydro.”
Second element changes ended to ‘ic.’
Name always followed by the word ‘acid.
NAMING OXY ACIDS
Name the element after hydrogen (do not write hydrogen).
Take the root of the and add ‘ic’ to it.
Add acid to the name.
Law of Conservation Mass
Must be the same number of elements at the start of the reactions as in the end product. Matter is neither created nor destroyed.
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THE PH SCALE
Ph Scale: A number scale that indicates how acidic or basic a solution is. (Power – or potential – of hydrogen).
• You can determine if a substance is an acid or a base by measuring its ph.
• A substance with a ph of 7 when it is in aqueous solution is neutral.
• The more acidic a substance is, the lower ph.
• The more basic a substance is, the higher the ph.
• The closer the ph of a solution is to 0, the more acidc.
• The closer the ph solution is to 14, the more basic it is.
ACID-BASE INDICATORS
Acid-Base Indicator: Any substance that changes colour in the presence of an acid or base.
• Most widely known acid-base indicator is litmus – a plant extract and can be blue or red (pink).
Universal Indicator: A mixture of chemicals that changes colour through a wide range of ph values.
• A more precise way of determine ph is to use a ph meter.