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Cytoskeleton (intermediate filaments (cytoplasmic (neurofilaments (nerve…

- - - - monomers dimerise
        
        two dimers line up to form a staggered tetramer
        
        tetramers can pack together end to end
        
        eight tetramers are twisted into a rope of diameter approx 10 nm
  - - - nerve cells
    - - connective tissue, muscle cells and neuroglial cells
  - - - in all nucleated cells
- - - - rapid growth with GTP-capped end
        
        accidental loss of GTP-cap = catastrophe
        
        rapid shrinkage
        
        regain of GTP cap - rescue
        
        rapid growth with GTP capped end
- - - - can bind and hydrolyse ATP
        
        provides energy for movement along actin filament from minus to plus end
      - belong to the myosin family of proteins
    - - stage 3: hydrolysed ATP to ADP + Pi which moves myosin forward
      - stage2: ATP binds, reduction of affinity of myosin for actin: release
      - stage 3 : hydrolysed ATP to ADP + Pi which moves myosin forward
      - stage 4: weak binding of myosin to actin at new position --> release of phosphate --> thrust of protein making actin move
        
        once again myosin is back into original position then ADP is released - back to stage 1
    - - filopedia
        
        needle like projection of the plasma membrane
      - lammelopedia
        
        sheet like projections of plasma membrane
  - - - linked into a meshwork by actin binding proteins
  - - - actin monomer in the cytosol carry ATP
        
        ATP is hydrolysed soon after assembly into filament
        
        ADP bound monomer is less stable in the filament
        
        the ADP cannot be exchanged for ATP until the monomer dissassembles
    - - above critical concentration of G actin the molecules