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S111 (How do you know what is alive? (cells (plant cells (cell wall (rigid…

- - - - actual numbers 3 - 15 million
    - - animals 7.77 million
        
        12 % named
      - fungi 0.61 million
        
        7 % named
      - plants 0.30 million
        
        70 % named
  - - - Kingdom
        
        Phylum
        
        Class
        
        Order
        
        Family
        
        Genus
        
        1 more item...
    - - Bacteria
    - - Animalia
        
        ~35 phyla
        
        eg. mammalia
        
        eg. primate
        
        eg. hominid
        
        eg. Homo
        
        1 more item...
      - Plantae
        
        ~12 phyla
      - Fungi
      - Protista
    - - Archaea
  - - - no separate internal compartments
    - - internal compartments
  - - - outer layer of cell
        
        restricts movement of molecules into cell via osmosis
        
        primarily made of phospholipids
        
        broken up by pores to allow transport
    - - coordinates cell processes
      - contains DNA
    - - produce most of cell's energy
    - - synthesise proteins
    - - rough endoplasmic reticulum
      - site of protein synthesis
    - - lysosomes
        
        contains digestive enzymes
    - - cell wall
        
        rigid, composed of cellulose
      - chloroplasts
        
        where photosynthesis takes place
      - vacuole
        
        filled with water and things, keeps cell's shape
  - - - binary fission
        
        division into two equal parts
    - - cell cycle
        
        mitosis
  - - - building compounds using an input of energy
    - - release of energy after breakdown of molecule
    - - molecule that transfers energy
- - - - ice and snow
      - soil moisture
      - underground water
      - plants and animals
      - atmosphere
      - lakes
      - rivers
      - oceans
    - - precipitation
      - evaporation
      - surface runoff
      - transfer through plants: transpiration
      - underground flows to ocean
  - - - 118 elements, 92 naturally occuring
      - Atomic number: number of protons in an element
      - Atomic mass number: number of protons + neutrons
    - - Intermolecular
        
        Attraction between molecules
        
        Hydrogen bonds
      - Intramolecular
        
        Attraction within a molecule
        
        Covalent bonds (sharing electrons between nuclei)
    - - An atom with a different number of electrons
- - - - transfer of heat through contact with a hotter object/substance
    - - transfer of heat due to movement of a substance
    - - transfer of heat through the air