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Plant development (Growth (Cell division (plane of symmetry (new cell…

- - - - new cell walls form in a plane perpedicular to the main axis of cell expansion
      - the plane in which a cell divides is determined during late interphase
      - microtubules become concentrated into a ring called the preprophase band that predicts the future plane of cell division
    - - determine cell fate
        
        signals key event in development
        
        e.g. formation of guard cells involves assymetrical cell division and a change in the plane of cell division
      - also play a role in establishing polarity
        
        polarity = condition of having structural or chemical differences at opposite ends of an organism
        
        first division of a plant zygote is normally assymetrical and initiates polarization into shoot and root
        
        gnom mutant has no leaves or roots
- - - - positional information is conveyed by cell-tocell communication
      - arabidopsis root epidermis forms root hairs or hairless cells depending on the number of cortical cells it is touching
  - - - adult vegetative phase
      - adult reproductive phase
      - juvenile phase
    - - phase changes in animals affect morphology
      - morphological change in plants occur in leaf size and shape
    - - flower formation involves a phase change from vegetative growth to reproductive growth
      - triggered by combination of environmental cues and internal signals (hormones)
      - switching on of meristem identity genes
      - ABC hypothesis