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The UK's changing economy (The UK & the wider world (The…
The UK's changing economy
The UK economy
The Post industrial economy
Is where the manufacturing industry declines and the then the there is growth in the service industry
University of Southampton
In the University of Southampton there are many other companies in the park:
Fibercore
- manufacturing optical fibres, set up in the University and later moved to the Science park
Symetrica
- specialized in gamma-ray spectrometers established in 2002 with close links to the University
Photonstar
- specialized in the light production, founded in 2007 as another company of the University
De-industrialisation
Machines and technology have replaced many people so there has been a decline in the manufacturing industry. So the tertiary industry is growing because of this. Other countries, china, Malaysia and Indonesia can produce cheaper goods. Lack of investment and high labor cost makes manufacturing in the UK more expensive than if you would produce somewhere else
Social & economic change
Rural Areas
Area of growth - South Cambridgeshire
People are migrating from Cambridge, other parts of the UK and parts of Eastern Europe and this has caused an increase in the population by 25% from 2012 to 2013. The proportion of people of people in South Cambridgeshire aged 65 or over is growing - by 2031 this will reach nearly 29% of the population. The population is estimated to reach by 182,000 by 2031.
Area of decline - Outer Hebrides
- Due to limited opportunities for younger people in the area, there has been an overall population decrease of 50% as young people have needed to move elsewhere to broaden their horizons. With young people leaving, there will be a decrease in the number of school children and this will lead to school closures. With a disproportionate distribution of age groups, there are less young people in the area which causes social problems.
North South divide - the cultural & economic differences
The South
There is a higher number of people in the South that can attend a top university as there is a higher number of top universities in the South. Also there is a trend that shows more money is invested by the Government into the people living in the South than in the North (a person in London has £9176 spent on them whereas a person from Yorkshire has £7623 spent on them, a difference of £1553 or of 83%.
The North
The people living in the North therefore have a slightly lower quality of life than the people in the South and this means that they don't have as many opportunities as the Southerners and this means they can't earn as much from their jobs to put back into the Government through tax which means the Government cannot re-invest money on them.
Balancing the economy
There have been many attempts to balance the income and employment in the North and the South such as the Government trying to invest more money in the North than before and more foreign companies investing in the North such as Nissan and Mitsubishi. However, this hasn't shown a very large impact in the North as it is such a large problem that has been developing since the Industrial Period.
Impact of industry
Reducing the impact
Negative impacts
Large-scale extraction industries such as mining and quarrying can have an impact on the environment. Quarries cut out the countryside and huge waste tips are left on the side of mining settlements.
The UK & the wider world
The commonwealth:
The UK is a member of the commonwealth, which is a voluntary group of 53 countries, most of which were once colonized by the UK. The common wealth is home to 2.2 billion people.
Trading partners:
Trade is the movement of goods between countries, The UK's biggest trade market is the EU with the single market. This allows global trading with countries such as Germany, with no tariff for trade. The USA is an important trader with china in the growth of china's economy.
The EU:
In 1972 the UK became a member of the European union. The EU began as a small trading group which has now expended to a trading community with 28 countries. Many see the EU as a government that is controlling the UK in what laws we create and how e can run our country. The UK have voted now to leave the EU with a referendum in 2016. The Eu has offered financial support for UK farmers with the introduction of the single payment scheme in 2015. This gave farmers £18 million in England and wales. The EU has the worlds largest single market which gives trade routes between countries for imports and exports of goods.
Communications and transport:
London Heathrow is one of the busiest airports in the world, it is a global transport link for flight changes around the globe. There are many major transport links between the UK and mainland Europe, such as; The channel tunnel and channel ferries. The port of Southampton is one of the largest and busiest import and export ports in the UK. Electronic communions are a vital part of global trade, fiber links between countries over the globe are widely used with the UK mainly concentrated with connections to USA, High speed links are layed : submarine