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Addiction & Impulse Control Disorders (Definitions (Griffiths,2005)…
Addiction & Impulse Control Disorders
Definitions (Griffiths,2005)
Salience
Addiction becomes single most important activity in life. Dominating behaviors, thoughts & feelings.
Euphoria
Subjective experience while engaging in addictive behavior, eg. a "rush", "buzz"
Tolerance
Have to do more of the addictive behavior to get same effect.
Withdrawal
Unpleasant thoughts & physical effects felt when tries to stop the addictive behavior.
Conflict
Creates conflict with people.
Relapse
When "going back" to the addictive behavior are high.
Types
Alcoholism
Pyromania
Kleptomania
Compulsive gambling
Dependence
Physical
When the body becomes used to functioning with the drugs in its system & "requires" the drug to maintain normal functioning.
Psychological
Drug/activity becomes of great importance to the person's life to maintain a "stable" mental state.
Causes
Genetic
Alcoholism
Genes: GABRA2, CHRM2 & ADH4; alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1B) & aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2).
Biochemical
Dopamine
When release in the body, it gives us the feelings of pleasure & satisfaction.
When these feelings becomes a desire, the behaviors would then be repeated in order for dopamine to be release. These behaviors would then become repetitive.
Behavioral
Positive reinforcement
More likely to repeat pleasurable activities.
Cognitive/personality
Pyromania
Gannon et al. (2013)
Higher anger-related cognition
Interest in serious fire
Lower levels of perceived fire safety awareness
Lower general self-esteem
External locus of control
Kennedy et al. (2006)
Had great interest in fire-setting & showed higher level of covert antisocial behaviors.
More likely yo be male & older
Had poorer social skills with a high-level with high-level of family dysfunction
Treatment
Behavioral therapy
Alcoholics
Token economy
Aversion therapy
CBT
Kleptomania
Covert sensitisation
Imaginal desensitisation