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SENTENCES (Compound & complex sentences (Compound (to emphasize the…
SENTENCES
Compound & complex sentences
Compound
(сложносочиненное)
.>= 2 clauses, joined by coord. conj. [and, but, or]
leave out
subj.
the same subj.
subj. + verb
subj. + aux
leave out
verb + obj.
the same verb + obj. +/ prepos. phr.
in later clauses
in the first clause
preferably
to emphasize the relationships
an addition
not only...but also
an alternative
either...or
a combination
both...and
a combination of negatives
neither...nor
Complex
(сложноподчиненное)
joining >= 2 clauses by using subord. conj. [because, before, that, which,...]
the same subj. is repeated!
contain
relative clauses
[She liked the women with whon she worked]
noun clauses
[Did you know that he was married?]
adverbial clauses
at the end
[I had a shower after I ran]
at the beginning (with
comma
)
[if it rains, the ground will be too muddy]
Compound-complex
.>= 3 clauses join. by both coord. and subord. conj.
Verbs with indirect objectives and clauses
I.
Send u a postcard = send a postcard
TO
u
give bring lend offer pass post read sell show teach tell throw write
II.
she bought him a tie = she bought a tie
FOR
him
do make build cook cut draw fetch find get keep leave order pick save
Linking verbs
Linking verbs and complements
be; seem;
+complements
why?
describes the subject
which?
adj.
noun phrases
prepositional ph.
seem, appear
inf. + complem.
(seem is less formal than appear)
sense experience/ opinion verbs
feel ,smell, taste; look, sound
+adj.
+like +noun phrases
make, find, call
+obj. +adj/ noun phr.
[It makes me angry]
L.v. used to express change
become, get
the result of change
become
+noun complements
get
in many common ph.
get married
(get is less formal than become)
go, turn
about change
turn into
полное изменение состояния
+noun phrase
+adj.
come, grow
+adj.
= phrases, where change is slowly
+suddenly/ unexpectedly +adj.
=fast change
+inf.
=gradual change
keep, remain, stay
a situation not changing