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The Glided Age (The Agricultural Revolution (Causes (Technology (Farming…

- - - - Railroads
        
        Railroads across the United States, such as the First Trans-Continental Railroad created in 1869, allowed farmers to more easily ship their crops to market. In rural areas where only one or two railroad lines were available however, companies raised prices, leaving farmers with no choice but to spend a huge portion of their income on transporting their crops to market.
      - Farming Tools
        
        Steam Powered Plow
        
        Steam powered machines cut work time and increased the number of farmers but were expensive and often forced many into a cycle of debt.
        
        Steam Powered Thresher
    - - The Homestead Act of 1862
        
        The Homestead Act, signed by Lincoln, enabled many citizens to claim 160 acres of land, as long as they lived on it for at least five years. Signed during the Civil War, many citizens were encouraged to start new lives in the West.
      - Relocation of Native Americans to Reservations
        
        During the Great Plains Wars in the 1870's and 1880's, many Native American tribes were forced to move onto reservations. For example, the Navajos were forced to take the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo, a reservation in New Mexico.
  - - - The Grange
        
        The Grange was a farmer's alliance that sought to create better conditions for rural farmers. The Grange advocated for better railroad prices and the creation of agricultural colleges.
      - The Farmer's Alliance
        
        The Farmer's Alliance was the largest coalition of farmers in United States during the Glided Age. The movement gained popularity under Charles W. Macune. The alliance wanted to regulate corrupt company practices, such as charging high railroad fees, and wanted to improve the conditions of debt-ridden farmers.
      - Colored Farmer's Alliance
        
        Although the Farmer's Alliance welcomed women, blacks were not allowed membership. Therefore, colored farmers organized the Colored Farmer's Alliance in order to promote the welfare of black farmers as well. Although the Colored Farmer's Alliance had more members than the Farmer's Alliance ever had, the organization never had enough funds to hire speakers and organize large meetings. Therefore, the Colored Farmer's Alliance was not able to bring about many changes that radically changed the conditions of black farmers.
    - - The Populist Party
        
        The Populist Party, founded by the Knights of Labor and the Women's Christian Temperance Movement, first emerged during the presidential election of 1892 with their candidate as James B. Weaver. The party was largely supported by rural farmers and urban workers who were tired of corrupt government practices that only benefited the wealthy. The party supported the unlimited coinage of silver and the regulation of railroad prices, and eventually fell apart in 1896.
- - - - The introduction of steel led to the advancement of weapons and the emergence of the machine gun. This new weapon gave the U.S. great military power and allowed America to keep the Native Americans in check because one machine gun was able to cut down a ton of Native Americans.
      - With the rise of workers in steel mills and other factories that contributed to the nations wealth, these urban workers became a vocal political voice.
        
        Trade unions
        
        1938 Fair Labor Standards Act.: Established minimum wage, prohibited oppressive child labor, and record keeping. This act was passed to protect workers from the abuses of factory owners during the Industrial Revolution and the Great Depression.
      - Sherman antitrust act was passed in 1890 which kept agreements that restrain trade and abusive monopoly power from taking place
    - - Jobs: The steel mills provided many jobs for poor farmers and African Americans.
      - Monopoly: The steel industry was one of the first industries to see the emergence of a domination of competition because of Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie, like oil giant John D. Rockefeller, bought out his competition in the steel industry and used vertical integration.
        
        Monopolies cause customers to only buy from that monopoly in its industry and this allows these monopolies to produce less goods to drive prices high.
        
        Less inspiration to innovate in an industry that is taken over.
        
        Interference of free trade and limiting the effectiveness of a free market economy
        
        Monopolies and trusts restricted trade and the free market economy.
  - - - Steel strength completely changed architecture with its strength because steel beams could support tall buildings and made buildings less likely to collapse.
    - - Railroads:
        Because of the large amount of railroads expanding across the U.S., transportation for raw goods needed for industries was much faster, effective, and cheaper.
- - - - 1806 National Road is approved
      - Eerie Canal -The Eerie Canal transported good over a waterway canal from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic.
      - Pacific Railroad Acts-These were passed and provided the railroad company land in order to build miles of track, giving more profit to the company.
        
        Northern Pacific Railway
      - Transcontinental Railroad
    - - 1802 Steam Engine-The steam engine is one of the most important inventions because it powered most other technologies
        
        Steamboat
      - Automobiles
        
        Henry Ford's assembly system-Henry Ford's system allowed for mass production of automobiles
        
        Steam locomotives
        
        Rockefeller spurs gasoline powered vehicles
      - Bridges, canals, tunnels
  - - - Degredation of land and soil-Stripping down the trees and clearing land for the railroad led to destruction of the environment
      - Loss of Buffalo-Clearing land consequentially wiped out the buffalos, a primary food source for natives
      - Pollution from gas
    - - Increases the interconnectedness of the country
      - Country becomes reliant on timetables-Timetables put the country on a schedule and made transportation easy and predictable
      - Attracted Immigrants-Push and pull factors brought immigrants to the country. Immigrants left to escape turmoil, no opportunities, and oppression, and came in lieu of freedom
    - - Transportation of goods made easier
      - Wages Cut
      - Price of goods lowered
- - - - New Technology
        
        Steamboats
        
        The Steamboat changed the way the Farmers communicated with the market. Steamboat transportation expanded markets and facilitated the rise of market crops. Farmers focused all of their resources on crops that would yield the highest market value. Farmers needed help transporting and communicating with the market to meet their needs The middlemen who connected markets could regulate the cost of goods and produce. This was all communication made faster by the Steamboat. No longer completely self-sufficient, farmers relied on favorable commerce to meet everyday needs.
        
        Railroads
        
        The railroads were used to speed up transportation and movement of good and people in the middle class around the United States. The Middle Class were able to travel and settle where they wanted to. This increased communication.
        Railroad companies were advertising, trying to attract settlers to lands that had been granted them in the West.
        
        Telegraph, Typewriters, and Telephones
        
        These were all technologies that were accessible by the Middle Class of America and technologies that increased the speed of communication drastically across the nation. These were all forms of written and spoken forms of communication that were quick to produce and quicker than ever to deliver.
      - Postal Routes
        
        In the end of the American Industrial Revolution, many postal routes started to sprout all throughout the United States. It was an expensive service unless you were in the government or you were recieving free mail such as newspapers or magazines.
    - - Effects
        
        Higher Education and Higher Literacy
        
        Society was becoming more educated, urbanized, industrialized and faster-paced. The combination of rising literacy and falling printing costs and also the result of technological gains, expanded the reading audience. This literate audience, concentrated in cities and larger towns.
        
        Faster Communication
        
        All these introduced new ways that people communicated and it makes all forms of communication faster, more efficient and more often. Since it was was more available to the Middle Class it was used often by those who could afford it.
        
        More Information Spread
        
        The Middle and working class sent and recieved ,ore information faster.