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Hyperkalemia (>5.5 mEq/L) (Etiology (increased released from cells…
Hyperkalemia (>5.5 mEq/L)
Etiology
artifact
hemolysis after blood drawn
thrombocytosis
leukocytosis
external balance problem
increased intake
diet
iatrogenic administration
decreased renal excretion
impaired renal function
drugs
KCL supplements
potassium sparing diurectics
ACEI
NSAIDs
heparin
beta blockers
succinylcholine
digitalis preparation overdose
increased released from cells
acidemia
insulin deficiency
aldosterone deficiency
Addision's disease
hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism
acute cellular lysis
rhabdomyolysis
intravascular hemolysis
burns
tumor lysis syndrome
most deadly electrolyte disturbance
Signs & symptoms
acute hyperkalemia
symptoms mimic hypocalcemia
neuromuscular
weakness
paresthesia
minimal sensory involvement
Investigations
ECG
tall peaked waves (potassium 5.5-6 mEq/L)
prolonged PR
no P wave (potassium >6-6.5 mEq/L)
wide QRS
conduction disturbance
AV nodal, fascicular, bundle branch blocks
Treatment
membrane stabilisation
10& CaCl
redistribute potassium into cells
sodium bicarbonate 8.4% (1 mEq/mL)
insulin & glucose
enhanced excetion
kayexcelate
diurectics/furosemide
dialysis