Thermal Physics

pressure

P = F/A

internal energy

total potential energy and random kinetic energy of all particles in substances

energy transfer

Heat (J) = energy transferred from one body to another (difference in temperature)

at equal temperature

specific latent heat

fusion

vaporisation

solid to liquid

liquid to gas

at different temparature

specific heat capacity

energy transferred to 1 kg substance causing temperature to increase by 1K

equation

Q = mc delta theta

formula

Q = ml

matter has mass and occupies space

solid

liquid

gas

no fixed shape

fixed shape

no fixed volume

fixed volume

no shape

high kinetic energy

random collision

vibrates at fixed position

low kinetic energy

fixed volume

vibrate and collide with each other

moderate kinetic energy

phase change

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temperature

degree of hotness of an object

could reach

thermal equilibrium

transfer of energy until both objects reaches same temperature

minimum kinetic energy of particles

absolute temperature: 0 Kelvin at absolute 0

K convert to degree celcius

T(K) = X degree Celsius + 273

kinetic energy of ideal gases

molecules constant random motion

negligible volume

no inter molecular forces (all KE)

produce force on wall (uniform pressure)

negligible time of collision

perfectly elastic collision

momentum is reserved