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Substance Abuse (Illicit Drugs (Heroin/Narcotics (Neonatal Abstinence…
Substance Abuse
Smoking
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Serious health risks
bleeding complications, miscarriage, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, sudden death.
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Illicit Drugs
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Withdraw
Signs
Neurologic
Irritability, seizures, hyperactivity, high-pitched cry, tremors, exaggerated Moro, hypertonicity
Gastrointestinal
Poor feeding, ineffective sucking/swallowing, V/D, dehydration, residuals
Autonomic
Diaphoresis, fever, mottled skin, nasal congestion
Miscellaneous
Tachycardia, tachypnea(>60bpm), excoriations, temperature instability
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Treatment
Decrease stimuli. adequate nutrition, wrap snugly, weigh frequently, supplement calories PRN.
Alcohol
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Withdrawing
admin benzodiazepines, manage hydration/electrolytes, thiamine replacement
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Signs
jitteriness, increased tone, increased reflexes, irritability, seizures, abnormal facial features.
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Barriers
Social Stigma, labeling, guilt, fear of losing custody of child(ren), fear of prosecution,
Care
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Intervention
Begins with education about effects on pregnancy, fetus, and newborn.
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Treat with kindness, patience,consistency, and firmness
Poses a challenge due to manipulative, low threshold for pain, and demanding behavior
Staffing should be sufficient to ensure strict surveillance of visitors and to prevent unsupervised drug use