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Key terms for genetics (PBL 3 (Sex differences (Competition (Intrasexual,…
Key terms for genetics
PBL 1
Genetics
Know about classical genetics --> what
Mendel
found
Know about molecular genetics -->
Watson and Crick
What's a
central dogma of genetics
? --> + process
Processes
Cell division
Mitosis
Meiosis
Know nondisjunction
Genetic linkage
Making phenotypic materials
Transcription process
Translation process
Possible problems --> synonymous substitutions
Non-coding DNA
Introns
Pseudogenes
Transportable elements
Microsatellites
Minisatellites
Two types
Long noncoding RNA
microRNA
Mutations
Point mutations --> a.k.a single base modifications
Transitions
Transversions
Silent mutations --> synonymous mutations
Meaningful mutations --> non-synonymous mutations
Frameshift --> a.k.a indel mutation
Slippage --> a.k.a simple sequence repeat expansion/contraction
Deletions/ insertions
Transposition
Segmental duplication
Chromosomal mutations
Deletion
Inversion
Fusion
Reciprocal translocation
Non-reciprocal translocation
Whole genome replication --> a.k.a polyploidy
PBL 2
Mendel
Experiment
Assumptions
Principles
Ratios
Alleles
Interaction
Dominance effects
Epistatic effects
Incomplete dominance
Pure blending
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Ratio
Assumptions
Neutral theory of molecular evolution
Molecular clock
Neutral characteristic
Neutral fixation
Quantitative genetics
Mendel
Fisher
Genetic variation + environmental variation = total phenotypic variation
Heritability
Coefficient of relatedness
Twin and adoption studies
Falconer's estimate of heritability
Different types of environments
ACE models
PBL 3
Malthus idea
Natural selection
Fitness
Natural selection
3 conditions needed
Purifying selection
Stabilisation selection
Disruptive selection
Directional selection
Genetic variation
Heterozygote advantage
Negative frequency-dependent selection
Force of mutation
Inconsistent selection
Sexually antagonist selection
Selection and adaptation
Adaptionist stance
Ultimate explanation
Proximate explanations
How to test adaptationist hypotheses
Reverse engineering
Optimality models
Experimental manipulation
Natural experiments
Comparative evidence
Constraints on optimality
Time lags
Selective regime
Phenotypic plasticity
Genetic correlations
Pleiotropy
Shape of adaptive landscape
Sex differences
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual selection
Competition
Intrasexual
Intersexual
Extra pair mating
Bateman's principle
Cost of gametes
Principles of reproductive success
Sexy son hypothesis
Good genes hypothesis
PBL 4
Mutual-benefit behaviour
Maintained
By-product benefits
Direct reciprocity
Indirect reciprocity
Punishment
Perceptions of race
3 hypotheses explain
By-product of perceptual/correlational system
By-product of essential reasoning
By-product of coalitional psychology
Hamilton's rule
Parochial altruism
Evolutionary perspective
Midwife of altruism
Cooperative groups
5 rules for the evolution of cooperation
Defectors
Kin selection
r > c/b
Direct reciprocity
w > c/b
Indirect reciprocity
Q > c/b
Network reciprocity
b/c > k
Group selection
a.k.a multilevel selection
Prisoner dilemma's tactics
Tit for tat
Grudger
Forgiving tit for tat
Joss
Tester
PBL 5
Dominance hierarchy
Humans as primates
Ancestral primates --> split into strepsirrhines and haplorrhines
Haplorrhines --> split into tarsier, platyrrhines and catarrhines
Humans belong to haplorrhine group
Why primates are distinguishable from mammals
Non-human apes
Qualities of chimpanzees
Gorillas
Orangutans
Gibbons
Human ancestors after the human-chimpanzee divergence
Hominin
Genus homo
Importance of bipedialism
Humans different
Brain size
Hypotheses
Expensive tissue hypothesis
Dietary complexity
Tool use
Ballistics
Sexual selection
Social brain hypothesis
Climate change
Machiavellian intelligence hypothesis
Diet?
Monkey studies --> fruit vs leaves?
Dietary and sociality explanation
Dietary explanation
Certain gene
ARHGAP11B --> increases neurons etc.
Tool use
Life history
Learning niche
Language
Meat eating