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National parks and Sanctuaries, (NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA (4.UTTARKHAND (4…

- - - - 1.located on the Indo-Nepal border in the Lakhimpur Kheri District.
      - 2.high forest interspersed with grasslands is characteristic of the Terai ecosystems in India and the area is, probably, the last prominent remnant of this type of ecosystem. The forests, especially the sal forests, have always been very dense.
      - 3.Tiger, Swamp deer, rhino, barking dear
      - 4.Dudhwa National Park is a stronghold of the barasingha. Around half of the world's barasinghas are present in Dudhwa National Park
  - - - 1.Valmiki National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the West
        Champaran district of Bihar
      - 2.Bihar Government is turning 800 hectares of forest in VTR into Grassland making it India's biggest grassland
      - 3.‘Tharu’, a scheduled tribe, is the dominant community in the landscape
      - 4.Dhangar comprises four tribes: Oraon, Munda, Lohra and Bhuiya
      - 5.tiger, Rhinoceros, Black bear, Leopard, Wild dog, wild buffalo, wild boar etc
  - - - 1.located in the Chota Nagpur Plateau of the Palamu district of the Indian state of Jharkhand
      - 2.vegetation consisting of sal and bamboo , medicinal plants
      - 3.There are grasslands in the flowing area of the Koel river
      - 4.famous Kamaldah lake attracts several varieties of water birds including the common whistling and cotton teal, the comb duck, snipe and geese.
        There are currently no tigers
  - - - 1.The park provides majestic beauty of coniferous forests and grandeur of glacial world combined with lush green meadows
      - 2.Gaumukh glacier, the origin of river Ganges is located inside the park
      - 3.spectacular Nelong Valley - a cold desert like area
      - 4.snow leopard, black bear, brown bear, musk deer, blue sheep or bharal, Himalayan tahr, Himalayan monal, Koklass and Himalayan snowcock
    - - 1.Snow Leopard Project first started here by the Government of India
      - 2.it is one of the remaining strongholds in the Himalayas of the bearded
        vulture, a vital ecological catalyst
      - 3.several endangered species such as the golden eagle, the steppe eagle and the black eagle, the bearded vulture, the Himalayan snowcock, the Himalayan monal pheasant, the cheer pheasant and the western tragopan
    - - 1.the oldest national park in India and was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park to protect the endangered Bengal tiger.
      - 2.It is located in Nainital district of Uttarakhand and was named after Jim Corbett who played a key role in its establishment
      - 3.The park was the first to come under the Project Tiger initiative
      - 4.Dense moist deciduous forest + grasslands
      - 5.park encompasses the Patli Dun valley formed by the Ramganga river
    - - 1.established in 1982, is a national park situated around the peak of Nanda Devi
      - 2.a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988
      - 3.The latter was expanded and renamed to Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks in 2005
      - 4.Within the National Park lies the Nanda Devi Sanctuary, a glacial basin surrounded by a ring of peaks between 6,000 metres (19,700 ft) and 7,500 m (24,600 ft) high
      - 5.drained by the Rishi Ganga
      - 6.Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve,in Chamoli district in Garhwal region of the Indian state of Uttarakhand
    - - It complements the rugged mountain wilderness of Nanda Devi National Park to the east. Together, they encompass a unique transition zone between the mountain ranges of the Zanskar and Great Himalaya
      - River Pushpawati flows through the Valley of Flowers
    - - 1.an Indian national park and tiger reserve that encompasses the Shivaliks
      - 2.elephants and tigers. The park is most renowned for its elephants. The mountain goat, goral is another noteworthy resident
      - 3.Ganges flows through the National Park for a distance of 24km
  - - - 1.located in Kullu region in the state of Himachal Pradesh
      - 2.UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites
      - 3.GHNP is at the junction of world's two major faunal regions: the oriental to the south and palaearctic to the north
      - 4.The temperate forest flora-fauna of GHNP represents the western most extension of the Sino-Japanese Region
      - 5.The high altitude ecosystem of the Northwest Himalaya has common plant elements with the adjacent Western and Central Asiatic region. As a result of its 4,100 m elevation range the park has a diversity of zones with their representative flora and fauna, such as alpine, glacial, temperate, and sub tropical forests
      - 6.These biogeographic elements are result of geological evolution of Himalaya which continues today from the action of plate tectonics and continental drift
    - - 1.located within the Lahaul and Spiti district, in the state of Himachal Pradesh
      - 2.located in the desert habitat of the Spiti Valley, within the Cold
        Desert Biosphere Reserve, in the Himalayas region
      - 3.Steeped in historical and present day Buddhist Tibetan culture, the area has many Tibetan Buddhist influences, evident architecturally in monasteries and stupas, and in the daily living of its residents and lamas.
      - 4.Twenty-two rare and endangered medicinal plant species, have been discovered in and around Pin Valley National Park, which are distributed over 10 different habitat types
    - - 1.established in 2010
  - - - 1.is located 22 kilometers from Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir.
      - 2.The name of the park literally stands for "ten villages" which could be in memory of the ten villages that were relocated for its formation
      - 4.Interspersed between these are alpine pastures, meadows, waterfalls and scrub vegetation with deep gullies, locally known as Nars, running down the mountain face
      - 3.Most of this coniferous forest consists of broad leaf species
      - 5.Most of the grasslands and meadows, except in the harsh winters, are covered with brightly coloured flowers
      - 6.Located high among its interiors is the Marsar lake from which flows the Dagwan river, famous for its fish population, the trout
      - 7.hangul, or the Kashmir stag,,A sheep breeding farm located well within the Park is according to the experts, a great danger to the survival of the deer species
    - - 1.high altitude national park in the eastern Ladakh region of the state
      - 2.highest density of snow leopards of any protected area in the world
      - 3.only national park in India north of the Himalayas, the largest notified protected area in India (and thus the largest national park of India), and is the second largest contiguous protected area after the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve and surrounding protected areas.
      - 4.Hemis National Park is India's only protected area inside the Palearctic ecozone, outside the Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary northeast of Hemis, and the proposed Tso Lhamo Cold Desert Conservation Area in North Sikkim
      - 5.numerous Tibetan gompas and holy chortens within its boundaries
      - 6.park lies within the Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe ecoregion, and contains pine forests, alpine shrublands and meadows, and alpine tundra
      - 7.park is home to a viable breeding population of about 200 snow leopards
      - 8.The prey base for the apex predator in the Central Asian Highlands is primarily supported in Hemis by Argali (Great Tibetan Sheep), Bharal (Blue Sheep), Shapu (Ladakhi Urial), and livestock
      - 9.A small population of the Asiatic Ibex is also present in Hemis. Hemis is the only refuge in India containing the Shapu
      - 10.park is bounded on the north by the banks of the Indus River, and includes the catchments of Markha, Sumdah and Rumbak, and parts of the Zanskar Range
    - - was a national park located in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
    - - a national park located in the Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir, India
  - - - 1.located at Sultanpur fifteen kilometres from Gurgaon, Haryana
      - 2.This Bird Sanctuary, ideal for birding and bird watchers, is best visited in winters when a large number of migratory birds come here
      - 3.In winter Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary provides a picturesque panorama of migratory birds such as Siberian cranes, greater flamingo, ruff, black winged stilt, common teal, common
        greenshank, northern pintail, yellow wagtail, white wagtail, northern shoveller, rosy pelican
    - - 1.protected area in eastern district of Haryana, India
      - 2.It is a popular destination for Leopard and bird-watching. It is home to the red jungle fowl among other birds. It is a sal forest in Shivalik Hills
  - - - 1.is situated in the west Indian state of Rajasthan near the town of Jaisalmer. Sand dunes form around 20% of the Park
      - 2.haven for migratory and resident birds of the desert. Many eagles, harriers, falcons, buzzards, kestrel and vultures. Short- toed eagles, tawny eagles, spotted eagles, laggar falcons and kestrels are the most common among these. Sand grouse are spotted near small ponds or lakes.
      - 3.The Desert National Park has a collection of fossils of animals and plants of 180 million years old. Some fossils of dinosaurs of 6 million years old have been found in the area
      - 4.Indian bustard: The endangered Indian bustard is the major attraction of Desert National Park. Brown and white in colour, the bustard is a metre tall and has long bare legs and a long neck. One can spot this tall and graceful ground-dwelling bird near the Sudashri waterhole
      - 5.Sam Sand Dunes: These dunes are located near the Thar Desert
      - 6.Gadsisar Sagar Tank: This tank is among the tourist places in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. Thousands of migratory birds come to this place every year
    - - 1.Keoladeo Ghana National Park formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan
      - 2.man-made and man-managed wetland
      - 3.mosaic of dry grasslands, woodlands, woodland swamps and wetlands
      - 4.one of the richest bird areas in the world and is known for nesting of resident birds and visiting migratory birds including water birds
      - 5.Initially, it was a natural depression; and was flooded after the Ajan Bund was constructed by Maharaja Suraj Mal, then the ruler of the princely state of Bharatpur, between 1726–1763. The bund was created at the confluence of two rivers, the Gambhir and Banganga.
      - 6.World Heritage Site
      - 7.Woodlands with thickets of huge Kadam trees
      - 8.popularly known as “bird paradise”
      - 9.It is also the only regular wintering area in India for the critically endangered Siberian crane
    - - 1.established in 2004 consisting of three wildlife sanctuaries in Rajasthan—Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary, Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary, and Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary
      - 2.park is situated between two parallel mountains viz. Mukundra and Gagrola which run across a length of about 80 km (from Murlipura to Rawatbhata).
      - 3.The four rivers which form the boundary of this valley are Ramzan, Ahu, Kali and Chambal
    - - 1.lies at the edge of a plateau and is bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River. It is named after the historic Ranthambhore fortress, which lies within the park.
      - 2.best known for its large tiger population
        Park terrain alternates between dry deciduous forests and open grassy meadow
      - 3.Padam Talao: This is the largest of the many lakes located in the park. A red sandstone Jogi Mahal can be found at the edge of the lake. A gigantic banyan tree, considered to be India’s second largest, is also near the lake
    - - 1.a national park and tiger reserve located in the Alwar
      - 2.notable feature of this reserve are its Bengal tigers. It is the first tiger reserve in the world to have successfully relocated tigers
  - - - 1.at Velavadar is situated in the Bhavnagar District of Gujarat state, India
      - 2.Hugging the coasts of the Gulf of Khambhat on the south
      - 3.primarily a "vidi" (grassland)
      - 4.Flat land, dry grasses and herds of antelope have always attracted visitors to this park which has a grassland ecosystem. Successful conservation programs for the blackbuck, wolf and lesser florican (a bustard) are ongoing
    - - 1.sole home of the Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) in the wilderness,
      - 2.Dry deciduous scrub forest and Dry savannah forests (Locally known as "vidis"). It is the largest dry deciduous forest in western India
      - 3.Teak bearing areas are mainly in the eastern portion of the forest, which constitutes nearly half of the total area
      - 4.Cat Women of Gir Forest. The women who do the counting are of traditional Muslim tribes in neighboring villages. There are over 40 women van raksha sahayaks, who seek only to protect the animals of the park
      - 5.maaldharis, the semi-nomadic tribal herdsmen
    - - 1.also known as Bansda National Park,
        is a protected area which represents the thick woodlands of the Dangs and southern Gujarat, the deciduous forest area having groves of "Katas" bamboo owes its beauty to no felling of trees since 1952
      - 2.Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary also known as the Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Little Rann of Kutch. During monsoon, the Rann (Gujarati for desert) gets flooded for a period of about one month and is dotted with about 74 elevated plateaus or islands, locally called 'bets'
    - - 1.is situated on the southern shore of the Gulf of Kachchh
      - 2.There are 42 islands on the Jamnagar coast in the Marine National Park, most of them surrounded by reefs. The best known island is Pirotan
      - 3.Coral 52 species including 42 species of hard coral and 10 species of soft coral. Jellyfish, Portuguese man of war and sea anemones.
        Dugongs
        A surprisingly large scale greater flamingo colony, reaching up to
        20,000 nests is known to occur along the gulf.
  - - - 1.The density of the tiger population at Bandhavgarh is one of the highest known in India. The park has a large breeding population of leopards, and various species of deer. Maharaja Martand Singh of Rewa captured the first white tiger in this region in 1950’S.
        Charger, an animal so named because of his habit of charging at elephants and tourists (whom he nonetheless did not harm), was the first healthy male known to be living in Bandhavgarh since the 1990s.
        A female known as Sita, who once appeared on the cover of National Geographic and is considered as the second most photographed tiger in the world, was also to be found in Bandhavgarh for many years
    - - is in Seoni and Chhindwara districts of Madhya Pradesh in India.
        It derives its name from the Pench River that flows through the park from north to south dividing the park into almost equal western and eastern halves
        The area of the present Pench Tiger Reserve has been described in
        Ain-i-Akbari, and is the setting of Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book.
        Scattered white kulu trees, also referred to as 'ghost tree', stand out
    - - 1.one of the tiger reserves of India and the largest national park of Madhya Pradesh
      - 2.hard ground barasingha is pride of the place
        An exciting conservation effort in this national park is the
        reintroduction of barasinghA
        Members of the Baiga tribe, a semi-nomadic tribe of central India that is reliant on the forest, lived in 28 villages that had been within the Kanha National Park until 1968, when they were relocated.
        Bengal tiger, Indian leopards, the sloth bear, barasingha and Indian wild dog. The lush sal and bamboo forests, grassy meadows and ravines of Kanha provided inspiration to Rudyard Kipling for his famous novel Jungle Book