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4.8 drought prone areas, (DROUGHT (TYPES (7 Main Types of Drought…
4.8 drought prone areas,
DROUGHT
TYPES
7 Main Types of Drought Recognized in India
Following main types of drought may be
recognized: 1. Meteorological Drought 2.
Hydrological Drought 3. Agricultural Drought 4. Soil
Moisture Drought 5. Socio-Economic Drought 6.
Famine 7. Ecological Drought
It describes a situation where there is a reduction in
rainfall for a specific period (days, months, seasons
or year) below a specific amount (long term
average for a specific time).
Hydrological drought is associated with reduction
of water. A meteorological drought often leads to
hydrological drought. Generally it takes two
successive meteorological droughts before the
hydrological drought sets in. There are two types of
hydrological droughts viz., (0 surface water drought
and (ii) ground water drought
3.Agricultural Drought:
Agricultural drought is concerned with the impact
of meteorological/hydrological drought on crop
yield. When soil moisture and rainfall conditions
are not adequate enough to support a healthy crop
growth to maturity thereby causing extreme
moisture stress and wilting of major crop area, it
leads to agricultural drought
4.Soil Moisture Drought:
This is a situation of inadequate soil moisture
particularly in rainfed areas which may not support
crop growth. This happens in the event of a
meteorological drought when the water supply to
soil is less and water loss by evaporation is more.
It reflects the reduction of availability of food and
income loss on account of crop failures
endangering food and social security of the people
in the affected areas
A famine occurs when large scale collapse of access
to food occurs which, without intervention, can
lead to mass starvation
Ecological drought takes place when the
productivity of a natural eco-system fails
significantly as a consequence of distress induced
environmental damage.
UPDATED NOMENCLATURE :
- NORMAL : REALISED RAINFALL IS +/- 10% OF LONG PERIOD AVG
- BELOW NORMAL: REALISED RAINFALL IS - 10% OF LONG PERIOD AVG.
- ABOVE NORMAL: REALISED RAINFALL IS + 10% OF LONG PERIOD AVG
- DEFICIENT YEAR(NEW)/ ALL INDIA DROUGHT YEAR(OLD) : RAINFALL DEFICIENCY- MORE THAN 10%, SPACIAL COVERAGE OF DROUGHT 20 TO 40 %
- LARGE DEFICIENT YEAR(NEW)/ ALL INDIA SEVERE DROUGHT YEAR(OLD) : RAINFALL DEFICIENCY- MORE THAN 10%, SPACIAL COVERAGE OF DROUGHT MORE THAN 40 %
110 taluks had been declared drought-hit DURING KHARIF CROP SEASON IN KARNATAKA 2017..
To discourage cultivation of water-intensive crops like sugar cane and paddy, the
government has planned to give importance to millets.
At present, a support price of Rs 1,600 has been announced for ragi and jowar and they
have been included under the PDS
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