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L12: Helping Adults in Transitions & Crises (Model of Adult…
L12: Helping Adults in Transitions & Crises
4-S Model
(Nancy Schlossberg): Model &
Strategy focus on transitions
2) SELF
Tolerance level
on transition?
Client is an optimist?
General outlook on life?
Self blame / guilt
for what happened?
Feel in control
of personal response? / Powerless?
Self-Belief:
that your efforts will affect the outcome of a particular course of actions?
Have a
sense of purpose / meaning
about this transition?
Have the
skills of stress management, assertiveness, and decision-making skills?
Client's
locus of control and belief on sense of control
?
Past track record to face transitions & deal with transitions effectively?
Resilience / adaptability level?
3) SUPPORT
Have any family and/or friends to help?
Client is getting the help needed? (Affirmation? help?)
A
RANGE of supports
available? (Spouse / partner / close family / friends, co-workers / neighbours, organization & institutions)
Are Social Systems / Circle of
supports interrupted
by this transition?
Check Client's perception:
His support system for this transition is of
LOW / HIGH resource
?
Have
sufficient $$$ / other material resources
to carry you through the transition period?
1) SITUATION
An
event / non- event
?
Defined by:
Nancy Schlossberg
:
Anticipated Event
(predictable)
Unanticipated Event
(unpredictable)
Chronic Hassles
: difficult employer, poor working conditions.
Non-event
: expecting to happen but never occur (hanging feeling)
3 Types of Career Events
:
1)
Normative
Role Transition
(Anticipated & Voluntary), loss of role / job often occur - E.g. mum trying to re-enter job mkt after giving birth / elderly loss role & retire early.
2)
Non-Normative
Role Transition
>>> usually becomes A CRISIS: (unexpected & involuntary): - Being fired, laid off, promotion, transfer, demotion buy force.
3) Persistent Occupational
Problems: Hazardous environment for long period.
voluntary / involuntary
? Amount of control do you have?
what is the
trigger of transition
?
Good / bad Timing
?
A
Permanent / Temporary
transition (how long will it last)?
Experience a
role change / role loss
?
How severe is it? This transition is
a +ve or -ve transition
?
How much changes is required in
Roles, R.ships , daily Routines
?
Any
helpful / harmful past experience
of this nature?
Are there
stress in other areas
of life? What else is going on at the same time? Is energy being spent on transition in other life roles at the same time?
4) STRATEGIES
Client's types of coping responses?
Action / Inaction:
of attempts to modify the situation
Reframing
: redefine the meaning of problem to cognitively neutralise the threat
Self-Care
: attempt to find help & adapt to the stress without being overcome by it.
Identify the variables of the situation, in terms of timing & duration
Reframing perception:
What are some ways to see the situation in different / more +vely?
What are some
inner resources
could be developed?
Level of Client's
Ego development? Personality? Outlook?
Any additional usable
people-resource / agencies / support
that you will like to have?
**Brainstorm & Evaluate the alternatives
to move out of situation? which one seem to be the best?
What are the
steps (for action plan) & time frame
for each steps?
What are your actual / perceived options?
Model of Adult TRANSITIONS
(Hopson & Adam):
Step 1:
Immobilization
Feel overwhelmed / shock, unable to plan / respond verbally.
#
Step 2: Self-
Minimization
Tell self that event does not matter / make issue feels "smaller"
Step 3:
Self-Doubt
Common -ve feeling: doubt self & abilities to provide for self & dependents. Reactions: Anxiety, fear of future, sadness, anger, etc
Step 4:
Letting Go
Start to accept the changes, let go of anger, tensions, frustrations, -ve feelings & take steps to look twds future.
Step 5:
Testing Out
Develop burst of energy, willing to talk to others / try to move on.
Step 6:
Search for Meaning
Cognitive process: Search of meaning & feelings of self & others
Step 7:
Internalization
Develop: Coping skills, change values & lifestyles, grow emotionally, spiritually & cognitively
Types of Midlife / Mid-Career Crisis:
Self-Concern:
Personal Competence, various life roles, & identify. (>> Super's Theory)
Career Concerns:
Level of commitment, advancement, r/ships.
Family Concerns:
Life Role expectations (>>>
Super's Life-Career Rainbow
), resolving work-family conflicts
Types of TRANSITIONS
defined by various theorists
Physiologically:
Decrease in muscular coordination & energy, awareness of aging & passage of time
Physically:
Change in appearance & decline in capabilities > > affecting career abilities, job performance, changing work r/ships, age discrimination, health concerns, family factors, decision of retirement.
Psychologically:
Feeling Useless / unwanted / alienation / empty-nest syndrome, seeks meaning & purpose
Defined By
Hopson & Adams
:
Voluntary
transition
Involuntary
transition
Defined by
Louis
: 5 Types of Normative Transitions:
1) Enter / re-enter job mkt,
2) Take on diff role in an organization,
3) Move from 1 company to another,
4) Change profession, 5) Leave job market